TY  - THES
A1  - Smit, Christine Marjan
T1  - Automatic Detection of Visual Change. An analysis of visual mismatch and its relationship to impulsivity
T1  - Automatische Reizverarbeitung auf visueller Ebene - Eine Analyse der "visual mismatch negativity" und deren Zusammenhang mit der Persönlichkeitseigenschaft Impulsivität
N2  - This thesis presents a study of the visual change detection mechanism. This mechanism is thought to be responsible for the detection of sudden and unexpected changes in our visual environment. As the brain is a capacity limited system and has to deal with a continuous stream of information from its surroundings only a part of the vast amount of information can be completely processed and be brought to conscious awareness. This information, which passes through attentional filters, is used for goal-directed behaviour. Therefore, the change detection mechanism is a very useful aid to cope with important information which is outside the focus of our attention. rnIt is thought that a neural memory trace of repetitive visual information is stored. Each new information input is compared to this existing memory trace by a so-called change or mismatch detection system. Following a sudden change, the comparison process leads to a mismatch and the detection system elicits a warning signal, to which an orienting response can follow. This involves a change in the focus of attention towards this sudden environmental change which can then be evaluated for potential danger and allows for a behavioural adaptation to the new situation. rnTo this purpose a paradigm was developed combining a 2-choice response time task with in the background a mismatch detection task of which the subjects were not aware. This paradigm was implemented in an ERP and an fMRI study and was used to study the the change detection mechanism and its relationship with impulsivity.rnIn previous studies a change detection system for auditory information had already been established. As the brain is a very efficient system it was thought to be unlikely that this change detection system is only available for the processing of auditory information. rnIndeed, a modality specific mismatch response at the sensory specific occipital cortex and a more general response at the frontocentral midline, both resembling the components shown in auditory research, were found in the ERP study.rnAdditionally, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a possible functional network of regions, which responded specifically to the processing of a deviant. These regions included the occipital gyrus, premotor cortex, inferior frontal cortex, thalamas, insula, and parts of the cingular cortex. rnThe relationship between impulsivity measures and visual change detection was established in an additional study. More impulsive subjects showed less detection of deviant stimuli, which was most likely due to too fast and imprecise information processing.rnIn summary it can be said, that the work presented in this thesis demonstrates that visual mismatch negativity was established, a number of regions could be associated with change detection and additionally the relevance of change detection in information processing was shown.rn
N2  - Unser Gehirn besitzt eine beschränkte Verarbeitungskapazität, ist jedoch einem kontinuierlichen multi-sensorische Informationsfluß ausgesetzt. Durch gezielte Lenkung der Aufmerksamkeit werden "bewusst" spezifische Informationsaspekte verarbeitet und für zielgerichtes Verhalten genutzt. Allerdings muss das Gehirn flexibel bleiben, um auf unerwarteten Veränderungen der Umwelt reagieren zu können. Folgerichtig wurde in ERP und fMRT Studien ein "Frühwarnmechanismus" (change detection mechanism) untersucht, der die Aufmerksamkeit auf ünerwartete Veränderungen im visuellen Umfeld lenkt. Dabei zeigte sich zudem, dass Personen mit erhöhter Impulsivität solche unerwarteten Veränderungen schlechter detektieren was möglicherweise mit einer zu schnellen und ungenauen Informationsverarbeitung erklärt werden kann.
KW  - Informationsverarbeitung
KW  - Kognition
KW  - Impulsivität
KW  - Ereigniskorreliertes Potential
KW  - Funktionelle NMR-Tomographie
KW  - automatische Reizverarbeitung
KW  - visueller Mismatch
KW  - visual change detection
KW  - mismatch negativity
KW  - information processing
KW  - impulsivity
KW  - ERP
KW  - fMRI
Y1  - 2009
UR  - https://ubt.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/334
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:385-5355
ER  -