TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pastötter, Bernhard
A1  - Frings, Christian
T1  - The forward testing effect is reliable and independent of learners’ working memory capacity
T2  - Journal of cognition
N2  - The forward testing effect refers to the finding that retrieval practice of previously studied information enhances learning and retention of subsequently studied other information. While most of the previous research on the forward testing effect examined group differences, the present study took an individual differences approach to investigate this effect. Experiment 1 examined whether the forward effect has test-retest reliability between two experimental sessions. Experiment 2 investigated whether the effect is related to participants’ working memory capacity. In both experiments (and each session of Experiment 1), participants studied three lists of items in anticipation of a final cumulative recall test. In the testing condition, participants were tested immediately on lists 1 and 2, whereas in the restudy condition, they restudied lists 1 and 2. In both conditions, participants were tested immediately on list 3. On the group level, the results of both experiments demonstrated a forward testing effect, with interim testing of lists 1 and 2 enhancing immediate recall of list 3. On the individual level, the results of Experiment 1 showed that the forward effect on list 3 recall has moderate test-retest reliability between two experimental sessions. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 showed that the forward effect on list 3 recall does not depend on participants’ working memory capacity. These findings suggest that the forward testing effect is reliable at the individual level and affects learners at a wide range of working memory capacities alike. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
KW  - Gedächtnis
KW  - Langzeitgedächtnis
KW  - Arbeitsgedächtnis
KW  - Lernen
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Memory
KW  - Long-term memory
KW  - Working memory
KW  - Learning
Y1  - 2019
UR  - https://ubt.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1330
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:385-1-13308
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
PB  - Ubiquity Press
CY  - Berkeley, California
ER  -