Impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on soil microbial community depending on functionalization, concentration, exposure time, and soil texture
- Background: Increasing exposure to engineered inorganic nanoparticles takes actually place in both terrestric and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Although we already know harmful effects of AgNP on the soil bacterial community, information about the impact of the factors functionalization, concentration, exposure time, and soil texture on the AgNP effect expression are still rare. Hence, in this study, three soils of different grain size were exposed for up to 90 days to bare and functionalized AgNP in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.00 mg/kg soil dry weight. Effects on soil microbial community were quantified by various biological parameters, including 16S rRNA gene, photometric, and fluorescence analyses. Results: Multivariate data analysis revealed significant effects of AgNP exposure for all factors and factor combinations investigated. Analysis of individual factors (silver species, concentration, exposure time, soil texture) in the unifactorial ANOVA explained the largest part of the variance compared to the error variance. In depth analysis of factor combinations revealed even better explanation of variance. For the biological parameters assessed in this study, the matching of soil texture and silver species, and the matching of soil texture and exposure time were the two most relevant factor combinations. The factor AgNP concentration contributed to a lower extent to the effect expression compared to silver species, exposure time and physico–chemical composition of soil. Conclusions: The factors functionalization, concentration, exposure time, and soil texture significantly impacted the effect expression of AgNP on the soil microbial community. Especially long-term exposure scenarios are strongly needed for the reliable environmental impact assessment of AgNP exposure in various soil types.
Author: | Christoph EmmerlingORCiD, Anna-Lena Grün, Werner Manz, Yvonne Lydia Kohl, Florian Meier, Susanne Straskraba, Carsten Jost, Roland Drexel |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:385-1-11175 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-019-0196-y |
Parent Title (English): | Environmental Sciences Europe |
Publisher: | SpringerOpen |
Document Type: | Article |
Language: | English |
Date of completion: | 2019/04/02 |
Date of publication: | 2019/02/26 |
Publishing institution: | Universität Trier |
Contributing corporation: | The publication was funded by the Open Access Fund of Universität Trier and the German Research Foundation (DFG) |
Release Date: | 2019/04/02 |
Tag: | Enzymes; Exposure time; LAP; Silver nanoparticles; Soil microbial community; Soil texture |
GND Keyword: | Bodenmikrobiologie; Nanopartikel; Silber |
Volume (for the year ...): | 31 |
Issue / no.: | 15 |
Number of pages: | 22 |
Source: | Environmental Science Europe 31 (2019) |
Institutes: | Fachbereich 6 |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 55 Geowissenschaften, Geologie / 550 Geowissenschaften |
Licence (German): | CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz 4.0 International |