This dissertation examines the uneven production of spaces for tar sands extraction, production, transportation, and consumption in Canada. Combining research on energy geographies, fossil capitalism and settler colonialism, this work conceptualizes these spaces as the physical sites and multi-scalar decision-making arenas in and through which tar sands development is realized, governed and disputed. In recent decades, tar sands expansion has led to conflicts between the Canadian state, the fossil fuel industry and Indigenous communities over the unequal distribution of its benefits, costs and risks. Despite a large body of literature on these conflicts, little theorization of their spatial dimensions has taken place. Using the concept of energyscapes here elucidates how multiple actors articulate and mobilize competing discursive-material practices (e.g., discourses, knowledge claims, future visions) to (re)shape tar sands spaces. A qualitative methodology was employed, encompassing critical discourse analysis, participant observation, and informal interviews, to examine these conflicting discursive-material practices. In particular, this dissertation argues that the appropriation of Indigenous peoples’ lands and their discursive representation as empty, unproductive sites are key forces driving the spatial expansion of tar sands operations, particularly of fossil fuel infrastructures. Simultaneously, this research states that Indigenous-led movements play a fundamental role in challenging the spatial arrangements of power that sustain tar sands development. A focus on the dispute between the Canadian state and an Indigenous-led movement over the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project (TMX) in Alberta and British Columbia (BC) exemplifies how these actors transform the physical spaces and decision-making areas through which the TMX is governed. An analysis of this case has broader implications for understanding the possibilities and limitations of dismantling the power structures underpinning tar sands spaces and building alternative energy futures.