Refine
Year of publication
- 2022 (27) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (27) (remove)
Keywords
- China (4)
- Satellitenfernerkundung (4)
- COVID-19 (3)
- Deutschland (3)
- Pandemie (3)
- Degradation (2)
- MODIS (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- AFD (1)
- Adult and vocational education (1)
- AfD (1)
- Agency (1)
- Animal behaviour (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antiparasitäres Mittel (1)
- Argania spinosa (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Asylbewerberunterkunft (1)
- Atmosphärische Grenzschicht (1)
- Augenfolgebewegung (1)
- Ausgangsgestein (1)
- Auswahl (1)
- Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (1)
- Bewaldung (1)
- Bildungstheorie (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenbearbeitung (1)
- Case-Based Reasoning (1)
- Coping strategies (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Deflation (1)
- Drift (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Economics (1)
- Educational theory (1)
- Episodisches Gedächtnis (1)
- Erwachsenen- und Berufsbildung (1)
- Feuersalamander (1)
- Forstlicher Standort (1)
- Fruchtbildung (1)
- Geistiges Eigentum (1)
- Genauigkeit (1)
- Germany (1)
- Gesichtsfeld (1)
- Grasslands (1)
- Griechenland (1)
- Grünland (1)
- HEXAGON (1)
- Herpetology (1)
- Humus (1)
- Hydrology (1)
- Hyperhidrose (1)
- Information Retrieval (1)
- Intention (1)
- Kakuma (1)
- Kenia (1)
- Kenya (1)
- Konformitätsprüfung (1)
- Künstliches Fließgewässer (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Langzeitgedächtnis (1)
- Laptev Sea (1)
- Laptewsee (1)
- Larve (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lesvos (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Long-term memory (1)
- Luftbild (1)
- Luxemburg (1)
- Marokko (1)
- Mathematik (1)
- Meereis (1)
- Memory (1)
- Mineral (1)
- Mittelmoseltal (1)
- Moria (1)
- Motor mimicry (1)
- Mund-Nasen-Schutz (1)
- Neue Rechte (1)
- One-Belt-One-Road-Initiative (1)
- Organisationspädagogik (1)
- Organisationstheorie (1)
- Organization theory (1)
- Organizational education (1)
- Ozonbelastung (1)
- Patriotismus (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Problemlösen (1)
- Process-Oriented Case-Based Reasoning (1)
- Prosa (1)
- Provinz Copperbelt (1)
- Prozessanalyse (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Refugee camps (1)
- Rheinland-Pfalz (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SODAR (1)
- Sambia (1)
- Samenkeimung (1)
- Schafweide (1)
- Schwitzen (1)
- Science, technology and society (1)
- Seed germination (1)
- Selektivität (1)
- Sewernaja Semlja (1)
- Sheep (1)
- Siamese Graph Neural Networks (1)
- Social Media (1)
- Sociology (1)
- Sodar (1)
- Spektroradiometrie (1)
- Stadtforschung (1)
- Steilhang (1)
- Stipendiat (1)
- Stress (1)
- Student (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Trier (1)
- Trockenheit (1)
- Umfrage (1)
- Vergessen (1)
- Verschwörungstheorie (1)
- Virtuelle Umgebung (1)
- Waldinventur (1)
- Weinbau (1)
- Windfeld (1)
- Wohnen (1)
- Wohnungspolitik (1)
- Working memory (1)
- aerial imagery (1)
- agricultural dust (1)
- argan tree (1)
- atmospheric boundary layer (1)
- atmospheric modeling (1)
- basal area increment (1)
- change mapping (1)
- conformance checking (1)
- conspiracy myths (1)
- conspiracy theories (1)
- cross-country (1)
- degradation (1)
- difference-in-differences (1)
- differentiated instruction (1)
- directed forgetting (1)
- drought (1)
- early response (1)
- education aid (1)
- emergency remote teaching (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- erosion measurement (1)
- event log preprocessing (1)
- event reconstruction (1)
- forest (1)
- forest degradation (1)
- foss (1)
- fructification (1)
- geobia (1)
- graph embedding (1)
- growth mixture modeling (1)
- housing (1)
- housing policy (1)
- ice thickness (1)
- inclusion (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- intellectual property rights (1)
- invisible deviating events (1)
- leads (1)
- long-term memory (1)
- low-level jets (1)
- miombo woodland (1)
- motion energy analysis (1)
- new right (1)
- nonverbal synchrony (1)
- open-canopy woodland (1)
- ozone (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- patents (1)
- plant architecture (1)
- polynyas (1)
- process mining (1)
- public perception (1)
- recurring events (1)
- regeneration (1)
- scholarship students (1)
- sea-ice (1)
- segmentation (1)
- selective forgetting (1)
- sentinel-2 (1)
- similarity-based retrieval (1)
- soil water content (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- text memory (1)
- topographic flow (1)
- trademarks (1)
- tree density (1)
- uncritical patriotism (1)
- urban studies (1)
- wind erosion (1)
- woody cover (1)
- Übung (1)
Institute
- Raum- und Umweltwissenschaften (8)
- Fachbereich 6 (4)
- Psychologie (4)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (3)
- Fachbereich 2 (2)
- Informatik (2)
- Fachbereich 1 (1)
- Fachbereich 4 (1)
- Pädagogik (1)
- Soziologie (1)
Extension of an Open GEOBIA Framework for Spatially Explicit Forest Stratification with Sentinel-2
(2022)
Spatially explicit information about forest cover is fundamental for operational forest management and forest monitoring. Although open-satellite-based earth observation data in a spatially high resolution (i.e., Sentinel-2, ≤10 m) can cover some information needs, spatially very high-resolution imagery (i.e., aerial imagery, ≤2 m) is needed to generate maps at a scale suitable for regional and local applications. In this study, we present the development, implementation, and evaluation of a Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) framework to stratify forests (needleleaved, broadleaved, non-forest) in Luxembourg. The framework is exclusively based on open data and free and open-source geospatial software. Although aerial imagery is used to derive image objects with a 0.05 ha minimum size, Sentinel-2 scenes of 2020 are the basis for random forest classifications in different single-date and multi-temporal feature setups. These setups are compared with each other and used to evaluate the framework against classifications based on features derived from aerial imagery. The highest overall accuracies (89.3%) have been achieved with classification on a Sentinel-2-based vegetation index time series (n = 8). Similar accuracies have been achieved with classification based on two (88.9%) or three (89.1%) Sentinel-2 scenes in the greening phase of broadleaved forests. A classification based on color infrared aerial imagery and derived texture measures only achieved an accuracy of 74.5%. The integration of the texture measures into the Sentinel-2-based classification did not improve its accuracy. Our results indicate that high resolution image objects can successfully be stratified based on lower spatial resolution Sentinel-2 single-date and multi-temporal features, and that those setups outperform classifications based on aerial imagery only. The conceptual framework of spatially high-resolution image objects enriched with features from lower resolution imagery facilitates the delivery of frequent and reliable updates due to higher spectral and temporal resolution. The framework additionally holds the potential to derive additional information layers (i.e., forest disturbance) as derivatives of the features attached to the image objects, thus providing up-to-date information on the state of observed forests.
The global spread of the coronavirus pandemic has particularly dramatic consequences for the lives of migrants and refugees living in already marginalised and restricted conditions, whose ongoing crisis is at risk of being overlooked. But refugees are not only extremely vulnerable and at risk of infection, as several reports show, quickly develop their own protection measures like the production of hygienic products, the publication of their situation and calls for action and help. Therefore, this paper aims to research the effects of the coronavirus crisis on refugees in camp settings with a special ethnographic focus on how refugees actively deal with this crisis and if they, through already developed resilience, are capable of adapting to the restrictions as well as inventing strategies to cope with the difficult situation. To account for the variety of refugee camps as well as the different living conditions due to their locality, history and national asylum politics, we will look at three different locations, namely refugee asylum homes in Germany, hotspots on the Greek islands as well as one refugee camp in Kenya. The main questions will be how, under structurally and institutionally framed conditions of power and victimisation in refugee camps, forms of agency are established, made possible or limited. The goal is to show which strategies refugees apply to cope with the enhanced restrictions and exclusion, how they act to protect themselves and others from the virus and how they present and reflect their situation during the coronavirus pandemic. Finally, this discussion offers a new perspective to consider refugees not only as vulnerable victims, but also as actively engaged individuals.
Influence of Ozone and Drought on Tree Growth under Field Conditions in a 22 Year Time Series
(2022)
Studying the effect of surface ozone (O3) and water stress on tree growth is important for planning sustainable forest management and forest ecology. In the present study, a 22-year long time series (1998–2019) on basal area increment (BAI) and fructification severity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) at five forest sites in Western Germany (Rhineland Palatinate) was investigated to evaluate how it correlates with drought and stomatal O3 fluxes (PODY) with an hourly threshold of uptake (Y) to represent the detoxification capacity of trees (POD1, with Y = 1 nmol O3 m−2 s−1). Between 1998 and 2019, POD1 declined over time by on average 0.31 mmol m−2 year−1. The BAI showed no significant trend at all sites, except in Leisel where a slight decline was observed over time (−0.37 cm2 per year, p < 0.05). A random forest analysis showed that the soil water content and daytime O3 mean concentration were the best predictors of BAI at all sites. The highest mean score of fructification was observed during the dry years, while low level or no fructification was observed in most humid years. Combined effects of drought and O3 pollution mostly influence tree growth decline for European beech and Norway spruce.
Formulations of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics such as moxidectin are regularly administered to sheep to combat parasites. A disadvantage of these pharmaceuticals are their side effects on non-target organisms when entering the environment. Little is known about anthelmintic effects on plant reproduction and whether the effects depend on environmental factors. For ecological and methodological reasons, we aimed at testing whether temperature affects the efficacy of a common moxidectin-based formulation on seed germination. We carried out a germination experiment including three typical species of temperate European grasslands (Centaurea jacea, Galium mollugo, Plantago lanceolata). We applied three temperature regimes (15/5, 20/10, 30/20°C), and a four-level dilution series (1:100–1:800) of formulated moxidectin (i.e., Cydectin oral drench). These solutions represent seed-anthelmintic contacts in the digestive tract of sheep shortly after deworming. In addition, a control was carried out with purified water only. We regularly counted emerging seedlings and calculated final germination percentage, mean germination time and synchrony of germination. Formulated moxidectin significantly reduced percentage, speed and synchrony of germination. A 1:100 dilution of the formulation reduced germination percentage by a quarter and increased mean germination time by six days compared to the control. Temperature moderated effects of the anthelmintic drug on germination in all response variables and all species, but in different patterns and magnitudes (significant anthelmintic x temperature x species interactions). In all response variables, the two more extreme temperature regimes (15/5, 30/20°C) led to the strongest effects of formulated moxidectin. With respect to germination percentage, G. mollugo was more sensitive to formulated moxidectin at the warmest temperature regime, whereas P. lanceolata showed the highest sensitivity at the coldest regime. This study shows that it is important to consider temperature dependencies of the effects of pharmaceuticals on seed germination when conducting standardised germination experiments.
Reconstructing invisible deviating events: A conformance checking approach for recurring events
(2022)
Conformance checking enables organizations to determine whether their executed processes are compliant with the intended process. However, if the processes contain recurring activities, state-of-the-art approaches unfortunately have difficulties calculating the conformance. The occurrence of complex temporal rules can further increase the complexity of the problem. Identifying this limitation, this paper presents a novel approach towards dealing with recurring activities in conformance checking. The core idea of the approach is to reconstruct the missing events in the event log using defined rules while incorporating specified temporal event characteristics. This approach then enables the use of native conformance checking algorithms. The paper illustrates the algorithmic approach and defines the required temporal event characteristics. Furthermore, the approach is applied and evaluated in a case study on an event log for melanoma surveillance.
Measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure were performed for three years (October 2017–August 2020) at the Russian observatory “Ice Base Cape Baranova” (79.280° N, 101.620° E) using SODAR (Sound Detection And Ranging). These measurements were part of the YOPP (Year of Polar Prediction) project “Boundary layer measurements in the high Arctic” (CATS_BL) within the scope of a joint German–Russian project. In addition to SODAR-derived vertical profiles of wind speed and direction, a suite of complementary measurements at the observatory was available. ABL measurements were used for verification of the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM) with a 5 km resolution for 2017–2020. The CCLM was run with nesting in ERA5 data in a forecast mode for the measurement period. SODAR measurements were mostly limited to wind speeds <12 m/s since the signal was often lost for higher winds. The SODAR data showed a topographical channeling effect for the wind field in the lowest 100 m and some low-level jets (LLJs). The verification of the CCLM with near-surface data of the observatory showed good agreement for the wind and a negative bias for the 2 m temperature. The comparison with SODAR data showed a positive bias for the wind speed of about 1 m/s below 100 m, which increased to 1.5 m/s for higher levels. In contrast to the SODAR data, the CCLM data showed the frequent presence of LLJs associated with the topographic channeling in Shokalsky Strait. Although SODAR wind profiles are limited in range and have a lot of gaps, they represent a valuable data set for model verification. However, a full picture of the ABL structure and the climatology of channeling events could be obtained only with the model data. The climatological evaluation showed that the wind field at Cape Baranova was not only influenced by direct topographic channeling under conditions of southerly winds through the Shokalsky Strait but also by channeling through a mountain gap for westerly winds. LLJs were detected in 37% of all profiles and most LLJs were associated with channeling, particularly LLJs with a jet speed ≥ 15 m/s (which were 29% of all LLJs). The analysis of the simulated 10 m wind field showed that the 99%-tile of the wind speed reached 18 m/s and clearly showed a dipole structure of channeled wind at both exits of Shokalsky Strait. The climatology of channeling events showed that this dipole structure was caused by the frequent occurrence of channeling at both exits. Channeling events lasting at least 12 h occurred on about 62 days per year at both exits of Shokalsky Strait.
Similarity-based retrieval of semantic graphs is a core task of Process-Oriented Case-Based Reasoning (POCBR) with applications in real-world scenarios, e.g., in smart manufacturing. The involved similarity computation is usually complex and time-consuming, as it requires some kind of inexact graph matching. To tackle these problems, we present an approach to modeling similarity measures based on embedding semantic graphs via Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Therefore, we first examine how arbitrary semantic graphs, including node and edge types and their knowledge-rich semantic annotations, can be encoded in a numeric format that is usable by GNNs. Given this, the architecture of two generic graph embedding models from the literature is adapted to enable their usage as a similarity measure for similarity-based retrieval. Thereby, one of the two models is more optimized towards fast similarity prediction, while the other model is optimized towards knowledge-intensive, more expressive predictions. The evaluation examines the quality and performance of these models in preselecting retrieval candidates and in approximating the ground-truth similarities of a graph-matching-based similarity measure for two semantic graph domains. The results show the great potential of the approach for use in a retrieval scenario, either as a preselection model or as an approximation of a graph similarity measure.
The argan woodlands of South Morocco represent an open-canopy dryland forest with traditional silvopastoral usage that includes browsing by goats, sheep and camels, oil production as well as agricultural use. In the past, these forests have undergone extensive clearing, but are now protected by the state. However, the remaining argan woodlands are still under pressure from intensive grazing and illegal firewood collection. Although the argan-forest area seems to be overall decreasing due to large forest clearings for intensive agriculture, little quantitative data is available on the dynamics and overall state of the remaining argan forest. To determine how the argan woodlands in the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas had changed in tree-crown cover from 1972 to 2018 we used historical black and white HEXAGON satellite images as well as recent WorldView satellite images (see Part A of our study). Because tree shadows can oftentimes not be separated from the tree crown on panchromatic satellite images, individual trees were mapped in three size categories to determine if trees were unchanged, had decreased/increased in crown size or had disappeared or newly grown. The current state of the argan trees was evaluated by mapping tree architectures in the field. Tree-cover changes varied highly between the test sites. Trees that remained unchanged between 1972 and 2018 were in the majority, while tree mortality and tree establishment were nearly even. Small unchanged trees made up 48.4% of all remaining trees, of these 51% showed degraded tree architectures. 40% of small (re-) grown trees were so overbrowsed that they only appeared as bushes, while medium (3–7 m crown diameter) and large trees (>7 m) showed less degraded trees regardless if they had changed or not. Approaches like grazing exclusion or cereal cultivation lead to a positive influence on tree architecture and less tree-cover decrease. Although the woodland was found to be mostly unchanged 1972–2018, the analysis of tree architecture reveals that a lot of (mostly small) trees remained stable but in a degraded state. This stability might be the result of the small trees’ high degradation status and shows the heavy pressure on the argan forest.
With the start of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the global education system has a faced immense challenges and disruptions resulting in and the necessity for an immediate redesign of teaching and learning in the school context. Face-to-face classroom instruction had to be replaced by ‘emergency remote teaching’, requiring teacher to adapt their daily routines to a new and unprecedented educational reality. Researchers and policymakers worldwide have agreed that, despite the fact that efforts were made to immediately adapt to emergency remote teaching, disadvantaged and vulnerable students may be especially at risk in emergency remote teaching. Given the differences in schooling organization across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic it can be expected that teachers performed inclusive instructional practices significantly different. Against the unpredictable situation, cross-country research has been urgently required to provide data that could inform education policy. Thus, this study explored teachers’ perceptions of supporting at risk students during the first COVID-19 school closures, as well as examining teachers’ inclusive teaching practices in three countries: Germany, Austria and Portugal. ANOVA results revealed important country differences. In general, it appears that teachers in Germany and Austria reported to have implemented less practices to address vulnerable and at-risk students compared to Portuguese teachers. Implications of the results, as well as further lines of research are outlined.
In den letzten Jahren hat die Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) das Thema Wohnen zunehmend in ihren Wahlprogrammen aufgegriffen und für die eigene politische Profilierung genutzt. Der Beitrag zeigt, inwiefern die Thematisierung des Wohnens bei der AfD so formuliert ist, dass es erhebliche Anknüpfungspunkte an rechtes Gedankengut herstellt. Der Beitrag thematisiert die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen für eine kritische Stadtforschung sowie für progressive soziale Bewegungen. Er plädiert dafür, sich der Gefahr der rechten Vereinnahmung des Themas Wohnen bewusst zu sein und sich deutlich von den rechten Übernahmeversuchen abzugrenzen sowie Gegenstrategien zu entwickeln.