Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2018 (77) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (42)
- Deutsch (29)
- Französisch (6)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (77) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Grenzgebiet (4)
- Großregion (4)
- Höhlensalamander (4)
- Stress (4)
- Deutschland (3)
- Finanzierung (3)
- Frankreich (3)
- Luxemburg (3)
- Mathematik (3)
- Arbeitnehmer (2)
- Belgien (2)
- Erhebungsverfahren (2)
- Forschungsdaten (2)
- Japan (2)
- Kultur (2)
- Mageninhalt (2)
- Management (2)
- Nahrung (2)
- Numerische Mathematik (2)
- Näherungsverfahren (2)
- Operatortheorie (2)
- Optimierung (2)
- Potentialanalyse (2)
- Quadratische Optimierung (2)
- Raumordnung (2)
- Salamander (2)
- Salamanders (2)
- Schule (2)
- Schulentwicklung (2)
- Schätztheorie (2)
- Schüler (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Synergetische Linguistik (2)
- Therapieabbruch (2)
- demokratische Erziehung (2)
- internationale Verflechtung (2)
- partial integro-differential equations (2)
- politische Pädagogik (2)
- A4-Strategie (1)
- A4-Strategy (1)
- Abflussbeiwert (1)
- Academic Achievement (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Actinobacteria (1)
- Action control (1)
- Adoption (1)
- Affektstörung (1)
- Alternierende Projektionen (1)
- Amtliche Statistik (1)
- Anemometrie (1)
- Anerkennung (1)
- Angststörung (1)
- Approximationstheorie (1)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (1)
- Arbeitsmarkt (1)
- Arbeitsmigration (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Ausdehnungsoperator (1)
- BCI (1)
- Bacteria phyla (1)
- Bankenkrise (1)
- Banking Crises (1)
- Bevölkerungsentwicklung (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Blutegel (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenbakterien (1)
- Bodengefüge (1)
- Bodengüte (1)
- Bodennutzung (1)
- Border Studies (1)
- Burnout (1)
- Burnout-Syndrom (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cash holdings (1)
- Cave (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Conceptual Endophenotypes (1)
- Copositive und Vollständig positive Optimierung (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- DNA isolation (1)
- Daseinsvorsorge (1)
- Datensammlung (1)
- Decision-making behavior (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Dekomposition (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Demokratie (1)
- Diet (1)
- Diskursanalyse (1)
- Dualitätstheorie (1)
- Early warning signals (1)
- Eating disorder (1)
- Ecological Momentary Assessment (1)
- Ehescheidung (1)
- Einfluss (1)
- Eltern (1)
- Encodierung (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energiepflanzenbau (1)
- Energiepolitik (1)
- Energieversorgung (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Entrepreneurial Finance (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Episodisches Gedächtnis (1)
- Erinnerungskultur (1)
- Essstörung (1)
- European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (1)
- Europäische Territoriale Zusammenarbeit (1)
- Extensionsoperatoren (1)
- Faber operator, Faber set, Polynomial approximation, Harmonic approximation, Dirichlet-problem (1)
- Faber-Operator, Faber-Menge, Polynomielle Approximation, Harmonische Approximation, Dirichlet-Problem (1)
- Factorial survey (1)
- Faktorieller Survey (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Financing SMEs (1)
- Finanzierungsmuster (1)
- Fledermäuse (1)
- Fotografie (1)
- Funktionalanalysis (1)
- Funktionentheorie (1)
- Fähigkeitsselbstkonzepte (1)
- Gedenkorte (1)
- Gedenkstätte (1)
- Gedächtnistest (1)
- Gefühlsreaktion (1)
- Geowissenschaften (1)
- Grenzgänger (1)
- Grenzüberschreitende Beschäftigung (1)
- Grenzüberschreitende Wohnmobilität (1)
- Gärung (1)
- Hassler Whitney (1)
- Heart rate (1)
- Hellwig, Fritz (1)
- Herzfrequenzvariabilität (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- Historische Karte (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Hochwasser (1)
- Hochwasserrückhalt (1)
- Hydrologie (1)
- Höhle (1)
- Illustrierter Beobachter (1)
- Immunfunktion (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Individualisierte Medizin (1)
- Individuenbasiertes Modell (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Integrodifferentialgleichung (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Italien (1)
- Juden (1)
- Jugend (1)
- Justiz (1)
- KMU (1)
- Kabuki (1)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (1)
- Karst (1)
- Kartographie (1)
- Kassenhaltung (1)
- Kernkraft (1)
- Kind (1)
- Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (1)
- Kleine und Mittlere Unternehmen. (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Kollektives Gedächtnis (1)
- Kommunikationskonzept (1)
- Kommunikationsstrategie (1)
- Komplexität (1)
- Kompositum (1)
- Konzeptuelle Endophänotypen (1)
- Kundenbindung (1)
- Labour migration (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Langzeitgedächtnis (1)
- Later-stage ventures (1)
- Lebensereignis (1)
- Lebenskrise (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Leech (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lerntechnik (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Lineare Dynamik (1)
- Lothringen (1)
- Mann (1)
- Marketingstrategie (1)
- Matrixcone (1)
- Matrixzerlegung (1)
- Maximilian I., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser (1)
- Mechanismen (1)
- Meteorologie (1)
- Metrik (1)
- Mietpreis (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mittelhochdeutsch (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modellprädiktive Regelung (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Multimedia (1)
- Museumspädagogik (1)
- N-A-Modellierung (1)
- NP-hartes Problem (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nahrungsaufnahme (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nationalsozialismus (1)
- Nationaltheater (1)
- Nationaltheater, Japanisches Theater, Theaterreform, Theaterproduktion, Japanische Kulturpolitik (1)
- Netzwerkanalyse (1)
- Neuropattern (1)
- Niederschlagsverlauf (1)
- No-Spiel (1)
- Nonlocal Diffusion (1)
- Nonverbale Synchronie (1)
- Numerical Optimization (1)
- Official Statistics (1)
- Optimal Control on Unbounded Space Domains (1)
- Optimal Multivariate Allocation (1)
- PIDE constrained Optimal Control (1)
- Paleogenetics (1)
- Parameteridentifikation (1)
- Parameterschätzung (1)
- Parametrisierte Approximation (1)
- Parasitism (1)
- Parasitismus (1)
- Partizipation (1)
- Pendler (1)
- Personalized Medicine (1)
- Pesticide, Agrochemical, Wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, Biomarker, Buccal Swab, Reptile, Squamata (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Phylogenie (1)
- Phänotyp (1)
- Polargebiete (1)
- Politik (1)
- Politisches Interesse (1)
- Populationsmodellierung (1)
- Positive Psychologie (1)
- Predation (1)
- Private Equity (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Propaganda (1)
- Prosocial behavior (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Psychological stress (1)
- Real Estate Investment Trusts (1)
- Recognition (1)
- Recruitment strategies (1)
- Regensburg (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Reimpaarvers (1)
- Reizverarbeitung (1)
- Rekrutierungsstrategien (1)
- Ressourcenpolitik (1)
- Rheinland-Pfalz (1)
- Risikokapital (1)
- SME (1)
- Saarland (1)
- Sammlung (1)
- Sardinien (1)
- Schätzung (1)
- Selbstbild (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selbstwert (1)
- Shareholder-Value-Analyse (1)
- Shashin Shûhô (1)
- Shingeki (1)
- Silber (1)
- Silver Nanoparticles (1)
- Skill shortages (1)
- Social anxiety disorder (1)
- Soil (1)
- Sozialangst (1)
- Sozialer Stress (1)
- Sozialverhalten (1)
- Spatial Ramsey Model (1)
- Speichel (1)
- Spektrale Emissivität (1)
- Speleomantes (1)
- Sprachtheorie (1)
- Statistik (1)
- Stichprobennahme (1)
- Stiftungsunternehmen (1)
- Stimulus-Response binding (1)
- Stomach (1)
- Stressreaktion (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Strukturwandel (1)
- Students (1)
- Studienleistung (1)
- Survey Statistics (1)
- Synergetic Linguistics, Language theory, Morphology, Word formation, Frequency, Control circuit, Verb (1)
- Synergetische Linguistik, Sprachtheorie, Morphologie, Wortbildung, Frequenz, Regelkreis, Verb (1)
- Syntax (1)
- Talsperre (1)
- Taylor Shift Operator (1)
- Taylor shift operator (1)
- Testen (1)
- Theaterbau (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Therapiebeziehung (1)
- Therapieerfolg (1)
- Thermal stresses (1)
- Thermales Infrarot (1)
- Trans-Europäische Verkehrsnetze (1)
- Trockenstress Detektion (1)
- Trophic interactions (1)
- Umweltfaktor (1)
- Universalität (1)
- Vb-Zugbahn (1)
- Vb-tracks (1)
- Venture Capital (1)
- Verbreitungsökologie (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Vorsorge (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Weingärung (1)
- Whitney jets (1)
- Whitney's extension problem (1)
- Whitneys Extensionsproblem (1)
- Windkraft (1)
- Windkraftwerk (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Wohlbefinden (1)
- Work Stress (1)
- Wärmestrahlung (1)
- Yolanda von Vianden (1)
- Zuckergehalt (1)
- Zweiter Weltkrieg (1)
- academic self-concept (1)
- aggregate stability (1)
- alternating projections (1)
- annual energy crops (1)
- automatische Handlungsplanung (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- body composition (1)
- cave (1)
- clustering (1)
- combinatorial optimization (1)
- completely positive (1)
- completely positive modelling and optimization (1)
- complexity (1)
- concept for communication (1)
- copositive optimization (1)
- cross-border cooperation (1)
- cross-border spatial development (1)
- development (1)
- discourse analysis (1)
- distractor processing (1)
- drop-out (1)
- early life adversity (1)
- eating behaviour (1)
- ecological modelling (1)
- ecological momentary assessment (1)
- ecology (1)
- entrepreneurial opportunities (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- erneuerbare Energien (1)
- extension operator (1)
- financing patterns (1)
- flood reservoirs (1)
- food preference (1)
- geography of knowledge (1)
- gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen (1)
- glycaemic index (1)
- grenzüberschreitende Kooperation (1)
- grenzüberschreitender Verkehr (1)
- heart rate variability (1)
- herpetology (1)
- hyperspectral (1)
- hyperspektral (1)
- immune system (1)
- individual based model (1)
- initial coin offering (1)
- internationale Kooperation (1)
- internationaler Verkehr (1)
- kombinatorische Optimierung (1)
- konvexe Reforumlierungen (1)
- land-use change (1)
- land-use intensity microbial biomass (1)
- learning (1)
- linear dynamics (1)
- long-term memory (1)
- model predictive control (1)
- model-based estimation (1)
- museale Vermittlungsstrategien (1)
- nichtnegativ (1)
- nonnegative (1)
- nonverbal synchrony (1)
- official statistics (1)
- optimal continuity estimates (1)
- optimale Stetigkeitsabschätzungen (1)
- ordinary differential equations (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- parameterised approximation (1)
- partial differential equations (1)
- partielle Differentialgleichungen (1)
- partielle Integro-Differentialgleichungen (1)
- partielle Integrodifferentialgleichungen (1)
- perennial energy crops (1)
- permanent grassland (1)
- population modelling (1)
- post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- precipitation sequences (1)
- psychology (1)
- rainfall-runoff-model (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- rental prices (1)
- resource governance (1)
- retrieval practice (1)
- risk factors (1)
- runoff coefficient (1)
- salamander (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- second order cone (1)
- self-concept (1)
- self-esteem (1)
- small and medium enterprises (1)
- small area estimation (1)
- social self-concept (1)
- socio-nature relations (1)
- soziale Selbstkonzepte (1)
- spatial planning (1)
- spectral emissivity (1)
- stress (1)
- structure (1)
- survey statistics (1)
- sustainability (1)
- testing (1)
- therapeutic relationship (1)
- therapeutic success (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal infrared (1)
- traumatische Erfahrungen (1)
- universality (1)
- vollständig positiv (1)
- water stress detection (1)
- wine fermentation (1)
- Ökologie (1)
Institut
- Politikwissenschaft (12)
- Psychologie (9)
- Raum- und Umweltwissenschaften (9)
- Fachbereich 6 (7)
- Mathematik (7)
- Fachbereich 4 (6)
- Fachbereich 1 (3)
- Fachbereich 2 (3)
- Universitätsbibliothek (2)
- Computerlinguistik und Digital Humanities (1)
A matrix A is called completely positive if there exists an entrywise nonnegative matrix B such that A = BB^T. These matrices can be used to obtain convex reformulations of for example nonconvex quadratic or combinatorial problems. One of the main problems with completely positive matrices is checking whether a given matrix is completely positive. This is known to be NP-hard in general. rnrnFor a given matrix completely positive matrix A, it is nontrivial to find a cp-factorization A=BB^T with nonnegative B since this factorization would provide a certificate for the matrix to be completely positive. But this factorization is not only important for the membership to the completely positive cone, it can also be used to recover the solution of the underlying quadratic or combinatorial problem. In addition, it is not a priori known how many columns are necessary to generate a cp-factorization for the given matrix. The minimal possible number of columns is called the cp-rank of A and so far it is still an open question how to derive the cp-rank for a given matrix. Some facts on completely positive matrices and the cp-rank will be given in Chapter 2. Moreover, in Chapter 6, we will see a factorization algorithm, which, for a given completely positive matrix A and a suitable starting point, computes the nonnegative factorization A=BB^T. The algorithm therefore returns a certificate for the matrix to be completely positive. As introduced in Chapter 3, the fundamental idea of the factorization algorithm is to start from an initial square factorization which is not necessarily entrywise nonnegative, and extend this factorization to a matrix for which the number of columns is greater than or equal to the cp-rank of A. Then it is the goal to transform this generated factorization into a cp-factorization. This problem can be formulated as a nonconvex feasibility problem, as shown in Section 4.1, and solved by a method which is based on alternating projections, as proven in Chapter 6. On the topic of alternating projections, a survey will be given in Chapter 5. Here we will see how to apply this technique to several types of sets like subspaces, convex sets, manifolds and semialgebraic sets. Furthermore, we will see some known facts on the convergence rate for alternating projections between these types of sets. Considering more than two sets yields the so called cyclic projections approach. Here some known facts for subspaces and convex sets will be shown. Moreover, we will see a new convergence result on cyclic projections among a sequence of manifolds in Section 5.4. In the context of cp-factorizations, a local convergence result for the introduced algorithm will be given. This result is based on the known convergence for alternating projections between semialgebraic sets. To obtain cp-facrorizations with this first method, it is necessary to solve a second order cone problem in every projection step, which is very costly. Therefore, in Section 6.2, we will see an additional heuristic extension, which improves the numerical performance of the algorithm. Extensive numerical tests in Chapter 7 will show that the factorization method is very fast in most instances. In addition, we will see how to derive a certificate for the matrix to be an element of the interior of the completely positive cone. As a further application, this method can be extended to find a symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization, where we consider an additional low-rank constraint. Here again, the method to derive factorizations for completely positive matrices can be used, albeit with some further adjustments, introduced in Section 8.1. Moreover, we will see that even for the general case of deriving a nonnegative matrix factorization for a given rectangular matrix A, the key aspects of the completely positive factorization approach can be used. To this end, it becomes necessary to extend the idea of finding a completely positive factorization such that it can be used for rectangular matrices. This yields an applicable algorithm for nonnegative matrix factorization in Section 8.2. Numerical results for this approach will suggest that the presented algorithms and techniques to obtain completely positive matrix factorizations can be extended to general nonnegative factorization problems.
Acute social and physical stress interact to influence social behavior: the role of social anxiety
(2018)
Stress is proven to have detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Due to different tasks and study designs, the direct consequences of acute stress have been found to be wide-reaching: while some studies report prosocial effects, others report increases in antisocial behavior, still others report no effect. To control for specific effects of different stressors and to consider the role of social anxiety in stress-related social behavior, we investigated the effects of social versus physical stress on behavior in male participants possessing different levels of social anxiety. In a randomized, controlled two by two design we investigated the impact of social and physical stress on behavior in healthy young men. We found significant influences on various subjective increases in stress by physical and social stress, but no interaction effect. Cortisol was significantly increased by physical stress, and the heart rate was modulated by physical and social stress as well as their combination. Social anxiety modulated the subjective stress response but not the cortisol or heart rate response. With respect to behavior, our results show that social and physical stress interacted to modulate trust, trustworthiness, and sharing. While social stress and physical stress alone reduced prosocial behavior, a combination of the two stressor modalities could restore prosociality. Social stress alone reduced nonsocial risk behavior regardless of physical stress. Social anxiety was associated with higher subjective stress responses and higher levels of trust. As a consequence, future studies will need to investigate further various stressors and clarify their effects on social behavior in health and social anxiety disorders.
Water-deficit stress, usually shortened to water- or drought stress, is one of the most critical abiotic stressors limiting plant growth, crop yield and quality concerning food production. Today, agriculture consumes about 80-90% of the global freshwater used by humans and about two thirds are used for crop irrigation. An increasing world population and a predicted rise of 1.0-2.5-°C in the annual mean global temperature as a result of climate change will further increase the demand of water in agriculture. Therefore, one of the most challenging tasks of our generation is to reduce the amount water used per unit yield to satisfy the second UN Sustainable Development Goal and to ensure global food security. Precision agriculture offers new farming methods with the goal to improve the efficiency of crop production by a sustainable use of resources. Plant responses to water stress are complex and co-occur with other environmental stresses under natural conditions. In general, water stress causes plant physiological and biochemical changes that depend on the severity and the duration of the actual plant water deficit. Stomatal closure is one of the first responses to plant water stress causing a decrease in plant transpiration and thus an increase in plant temperature. Prolonged or severe water stress leads to irreversible damage to the photosynthetic machinery and is associated with decreasing chlorophyll content and leaf structural changes (e.g., leaf rolling). Since a crop can already be irreversibly damaged by only mild water deficit, a pre-visual detection of water stress symptoms is essential to avoid yield loss. Remote sensing offers a non-destructive and spatio-temporal method for measuring numerous physiological, biochemical and structural crop characteristics at different scales and thus is one of the key technologies used in precision agriculture. With respect to the detection of plant responses to water stress, the current state-of-the-art hyperspectral remote sensing imaging techniques are based on measurements of thermal infrared emission (TIR; 8-14 -µm), visible, near- and shortwave infrared reflectance (VNIR/SWIR; 0.4-2.5 -µm), and sun-induced fluorescence (SIF; 0.69 and 0.76 -µm). It is, however, still unclear how sensitive these techniques are with respect to water stress detection. Therefore, the overall aim of this dissertation was to provide a comparative assessment of remotely sensed measures from the TIR, SIF, and VNIR/SWIR domains for their ability to detect plant responses to water stress at ground- and airborne level. The main findings of this thesis are: (i) temperature-based indices (e.g., CWSI) were most sensitive for the detection of plant water stress in comparison to reflectance-based VNIR/SWIR indices (e.g., PRI) and SIF at both, ground- and airborne level, (ii) for the first time, spectral emissivity as measured by the new hyperspectral TIR instrument could be used to detect plant water stress at ground level. Based on these findings it can be stated that hyperspectral TIR remote sensing offers great potential for the detection of plant responses to water stress at ground- and airborne level based on both TIR key variables, surface temperature and spectral emissivity. However, the large-scale application of water stress detection based on hyperspectral TIR measures in precision agriculture will be challenged by several problems: (i) missing thresholds of temperature-based indices (e.g., CWSI) for the application in irrigation scheduling, (ii) lack of current TIR satellite missions with suitable spectral and spatial resolution, (iii) lack of appropriate data processing schemes (including atmosphere correction and temperature emissivity separation) for hyperspectral TIR remote sensing at airborne- and satellite level.
Comment les élèves vivent-ils les possibilités actuelles de participation démocratique dans l’enseignement ? La communauté scolaire est-elle prête à porter le processus de développement ? Quelles résistances faut-il prendre en compte et où se trouvent les potentiels et les idées inexploités pour innover dans l’école et dans l’enseignement ?
In the present study a non-motion-stabilized scanning Doppler lidar was operated on board of RV Polarstern in the Arctic (June 2014) and Antarctic (December 2015– January 2016). This is the first time that such a system measured on an icebreaker in the Antarctic. A method for a motion correction of the data in the post-processing is presented.
The wind calculation is based on vertical azimuth display (VAD) scans with eight directions that pass a quality control. Additionally a method for an empirical signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) threshold is presented, which can be calculated for individual measurement set-ups. Lidar wind profiles are compared to total of about 120 radiosonde profiles and also to wind measurements of the ship.
The performance of the lidar measurements in comparison with radio soundings generally shows small root mean square deviation (bias) for wind speed of around 1ms-1(0.1ms-1) and for wind direction of around 10 (1). The post-processing of the non-motion-stabilized data shows comparably high quality to studies with motion-stabilized systems.
Two case studies show that a flexible change in SNR threshold can be beneficial for special situations. Further the studies reveal that short-lived low-level jets in the atmospheric boundary layer can be captured by lidar measurements with a high temporal resolution in contrast to routine radio soundings. The present study shows that a non-motionstabilized Doppler lidar can be operated successfully on an
icebreaker. It presents a processing chain including quality control tests and error quantification, which is useful for further measurement campaigns.
Ziel der hier bereitgestellten Anforderungskataloge ist es, einen Überblick über die Anforderungen zu geben, welche an FDM-Services in den Geisteswissenschaften und in der Psychologie gestellt werden. Dies soll Hochschulen und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen die Möglichkeit geben, ihre eigenen Servicekataloge um FDM-Services zu erweitern, welche auf die spezifischen Bedarfe der Forschenden in diesen Disziplinen abgestimmt sind. Zudem sollen diese Anforderungskataloge als Vorlage für die Entwicklung weiterer Anforderungskataloge dienen, welche die fachspezifischen FDM-Services in anderen Fachdisziplinen spezifizieren.
« Ce serait vraiment cool si les élèves avaient leur propre chaîne de télévision, non ? », s’extasie Sophie. « Peut-être plutôt une web TV, pour qu’on puisse voir nos reportages de partout dans le monde », s’exclame Max. « En tout cas, il faut que ça parle de sujets qui sont importants pour les élèves » : sur ce point, les deux collégiens sont d’accord. Ensemble, ils se creusent les méninges : pour commencer, est-ce possible juridiquement ? Qui peut nous aider ?
„Beim Nachdenken über Perspektiven der Schulentwicklung muss die Vision einer demokratischen Schule, einer lebendigen Schule im demokratischen Staat und das mit ihr verbundene Menschenbild handlungsorientierend werden. Die Schule der Zukunft muss in ihren Gestaltungsprozessen, in ihrem Alltagsleben selbst ein Stück weit gelebte Demokratie sein.“ (Hartmut Wenzel)
This study examines to what extent a banking crisis and the ensuing potential liquidity shortage affect corporate cash holdings. Specifically, how do firms adjust their liquidity management prior to and during a banking crisis when they are restricted in their financing options? These restrictions might not result from firm-specific characteristics but also incorporate the effects of certain regulatory requirements. I analyse the real effects of indicators of a potential crisis and the occurrence of a crisis event on corporate cash holdings for both unregulated and regulated firms from 31 different countries. In contrast to existing studies, I perform this analysis on the basis of a long observation period (1997 to 2014 respectively 2003 to 2014) using multiple crisis indicators (early warning signals) and multiple crisis events. For regulated firms, this study makes use of a unique sample of country-specific regulatory information, which is collected by hand for 15 countries and converted into an ordinal scale based on the severity of the regulation. Regulated firms are selected from a single industry: Real Estate Investment Trusts. These firms invest in real estate properties and let these properties to third parties. Real Estate Investment Trusts that comply with the aforementioned regulations are exempt from income taxation and are punished for a breach, which makes this industry particularly interesting for the analysis of capital structure decisions.
The results for regulated and unregulated firms are mostly inconclusive. I find no convincing evidence that the degree of regulation affects the level of cash holdings for regulated firms before and during a banking crisis. For unregulated firms, I find strong evidence that financially constrained firms have higher cash holdings than unconstrained firms. Further, there is no real evidence that either financially constrained firms or unconstrained firms increase their cash holdings when observing an early warning signal. In case of a banking crisis, the results differ for univariate tests and in panel regressions. In the univariate setting, I find evidence that both types of firms hold higher levels of cash during a banking crisis. In panel regressions, the effect is only evident for financially unconstrained firms from the US, and when controlling for financial stress, it is also apparent for financially constrained US firms. For firms from Europe, the results are predominantly inconclusive. For banking crises that are preceded by an early warning signal, there is only evidence for an increase in cash holdings for unconstrained US firms when controlling for financial stress.
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) influences the perception of taste and texture, features both relevant in acquiring food liking and, with time, food preference. However, no studies have yet investigated the relationship between basal activity levels of sAA and food preference. We collected saliva from 57 volunteers (63% women) who we assessed in terms of their preference for different food items. These items were grouped into four categories according to their nutritional properties: high in starch, high in sugar, high glycaemic index, and high glycaemic load. Anthropometric markers of cardiovascular risk were also calculated. Our findings suggest that sAA influences food
preference and body composition in women. Regression analysis showed that basal sAA activity is inversely associated with subjective but not self-reported behavioural preference for foods high in sugar. Additionally, sAA and subjective preference are associated with anthropometric markers of cardiovascular risk. We believe that this pilot study points to this enzyme as an interesting candidate to consider among the physiological factors that modulate eating behaviour.