Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (64)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (30)
Sprache
- Englisch (94) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Stress (22)
- Hydrocortison (13)
- Cortisol (9)
- cortisol (9)
- stress (7)
- Lernen (6)
- Physiologische Psychologie (6)
- Aufmerksamkeit (5)
- Depression (4)
- Elektroencephalographie (4)
- Funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (4)
- Kognition (4)
- Lebensmittel (4)
- Neuroendokrines System (4)
- Stressreaktion (4)
- fMRI (4)
- Affekt (3)
- Aggression (3)
- Gedächtnis (3)
- Langzeitgedächtnis (3)
- Memory (3)
- Psychotherapie (3)
- Schmerz (3)
- Selbstbild (3)
- episodic memory (3)
- long-term memory (3)
- Ambivalenz (2)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (2)
- Augenfolgebewegung (2)
- Brustkrebs (2)
- Distractor-Response Binding (2)
- Dopamin (2)
- Einstellung (2)
- Elektroencephalogramm (2)
- Emotion (2)
- Emotionsregulation (2)
- Episodisches Gedächtnis (2)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial (2)
- Essstörung (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Evaluative Konditionierung (2)
- Fibromyalgie (2)
- Gefühl (2)
- Gehirn (2)
- Genanalyse (2)
- Genexpression (2)
- Glucocorticosteroide (2)
- Glucocorticosteroidrezeptor (2)
- HPA axis (2)
- Humangenetik (2)
- Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse (2)
- Insulin (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Interozeption (2)
- Kognitive Psychologie (2)
- Learning (2)
- Partnerwahl (2)
- Persönlichkeitsstörung (2)
- Prognose (2)
- Psychobiologie (2)
- Psychological stress (2)
- Rückmeldung (2)
- Schizophrenie (2)
- Schreckreaktion (2)
- Selbstkontrolle (2)
- Stressor (2)
- Therapieerfolg (2)
- Vegetatives Nervensystem (2)
- Vergessen (2)
- academic self-concept (2)
- affective startle modulation (2)
- alternative Transkriptionsvarianten (2)
- alternative transcription variant (2)
- ambivalence (2)
- attitudes (2)
- behavioral genetics (2)
- directed forgetting (2)
- dopamine (2)
- evaluative conditioning (2)
- fibromyalgia (2)
- glucocorticoid receptor (2)
- intervention (2)
- mating preferences (2)
- pain (2)
- psychology (2)
- selective attention (2)
- (ADHD (1)
- 2D DIGE (1)
- 5' UTR (1)
- ACC (1)
- ANS (1)
- Abhängigkeit (1)
- Acetylcholin (1)
- Action control (1)
- Adaptives System (1)
- Affect (1)
- Affektive Schreckreiz-Modulation (1)
- Affektive Startle Modulation (1)
- Affektstörung (1)
- Alter (1)
- Ambivalence (1)
- Angststörung (1)
- Annäherungs-Vermeidungs-Motivation (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Approach-avoidance motivation (1)
- Arbeit (1)
- Assoziatives Lernen (1)
- Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom (1)
- Ausdauer (1)
- Auswahl (1)
- Autismus (1)
- Baroreflex (1)
- Bauchfett (1)
- Beeinflussung (1)
- Begabtenförderung (1)
- Behalten (1)
- Behavioural methods (1)
- Beurteilungsfehler (1)
- Binge-eating Disorder (1)
- Bipolar Disorder (1)
- Bipolare Störung (1)
- Birth weight (1)
- Blinkreflex (1)
- Blinzelreflex (1)
- Borderline Personality Disorder (1)
- Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (1)
- Brain (1)
- Bulimie (1)
- Burnout (1)
- Burnout-Syndrom (1)
- C15orf53 (1)
- CASL (1)
- CBG (1)
- CBT (1)
- COMT Val158Met (1)
- Care (1)
- Catecholmethyltransferase <Catechol-0-Methyltransferase> (1)
- Central Nervous System (1)
- Change (1)
- Chromosom 15 (1)
- Chromosom 22 (1)
- Cingulum (1)
- Cingulum Cerebri (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cold Pressor Test (1)
- Coming-out (1)
- Conceptual Endophenotypes (1)
- Conduct disorder (1)
- Construal Level Theorie (1)
- Construal Level Theory (1)
- Consumer need for uniqueness (1)
- Continuity (1)
- Control theory (1)
- Corticosteroid-bindendes Globulin (1)
- Corticosteroidrezeptor (1)
- Cortisol-Aufwach-Reaktion (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Das circadiane System (1)
- Diagnostische Urteilskompetenz (1)
- Differentielle Genexpression (1)
- Dissonance (1)
- Distraktor-Reaktionsbindung (1)
- Distraktor-Verarbeitung (1)
- Distraktorverarbeitung (1)
- EEG (1)
- ERP (1)
- Ecological Momentary Assessment (1)
- Einstellungsforschung (1)
- Elektroenzephalogramm (1)
- Elektrokardiogramm (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Empfindung (1)
- Encodierung (1)
- Entscheidung (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potential (1)
- Ergebnis (1)
- Erwartung (1)
- Erzählung (1)
- Essgewohnheit (1)
- Essverhalten (1)
- Event file (1)
- Event-File (1)
- Exekuitive Funktion (1)
- Exekutive Funktionen (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Extraversion (1)
- F0 (1)
- FKBP51 (1)
- Fahrassistenzsystem (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Fear (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Feinkartierung (1)
- Fettsucht (1)
- Fetus (1)
- Fissurisation (1)
- Flexibilität (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Food pictures (1)
- Frequenzbandkopplungen (1)
- Funktionalität (1)
- Funktionelle Kernspintomographie (1)
- Furcht (1)
- Fähigkeitsselbstkonzepte (1)
- GR (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gedächtnisrepräsentation (1)
- Gedächtnistest (1)
- Gegenstimulation (1)
- Genauigkeit (1)
- Generationsbeziehung (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Geneva Emotional Competence Test (1)
- Gesichtsfeld (1)
- Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) (1)
- Glucocorticoidrezeptor (1)
- Glucocorticoids (1)
- Glukokortikoidrezeptor (1)
- Grundfrequenz (1)
- Grundschullehrer (1)
- Gyrifikation (1)
- HPA (1)
- HPA-Achse (1)
- Habituation (1)
- Handlungsregulation (1)
- Haushalt (1)
- Heart rate (1)
- Hemisphärendominanz (1)
- Herztransplantation (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- Hippocampus Aktivierung (1)
- Hippocampus Atrophie (1)
- Hippocampus Volumen (1)
- Hirnforschung (1)
- Hirnfunktion (1)
- Human (1)
- Human behaviour (1)
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Implizites Lernen (1)
- Implizites Sequenzlernen (1)
- Impulsivität (1)
- Individualisierte Medizin (1)
- Individualisierung (1)
- Information (1)
- Information Retrieval (1)
- Informationsverarbeitung (1)
- Infusion (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Inhibitorische Kontrolle (1)
- Intelligence Structure Battery (1)
- Intelligence profiles (1)
- Intelligenz (1)
- Intelligenztest (1)
- Intention (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Interpersonale Kommunikation (1)
- Intranasal insulin (1)
- Intrusionen (1)
- Isolation <Soziologie> (1)
- Jugend (1)
- Kaltwasserstresstest (1)
- Kaltwasssertest (1)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (1)
- Kernspintomographie (1)
- Kind (1)
- Klassiche Lidschlagkonditionierung (1)
- Klassische Konditionierung (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Koerperwahrnehmung (1)
- Kognitive Entwicklung (1)
- Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (1)
- Konditionierung (1)
- Kontrollierte Therapiestudie (1)
- Konzeptuelle Endophänotypen (1)
- Kopplungs- und Mutationsanalysen (1)
- Kortex (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Körpertherapie (1)
- LG children (1)
- Leben (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lerntechnik (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Long-term memory (1)
- Lymphozyt (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS (1)
- MLC1 (1)
- MR (1)
- Makrophage (1)
- Mann (1)
- Mass Customization (1)
- Mathematik (1)
- Meat Consumption (1)
- Meat Paradox (1)
- Mensch (1)
- Menstruationszyklus (1)
- Meta-Analyse (1)
- Meta-Analysis (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Methylierung und SNPs (1)
- Methylphenidat (1)
- Milde Depression (1)
- Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum (1)
- Mineralokortikoidrezeptor (1)
- Moderator (1)
- Moderators and mediators (1)
- Modulation (1)
- Monozyt (1)
- Mortality Salience (1)
- Mortalitätssalienz (1)
- Motor mimicry (1)
- MouseTracker (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Männlichkeit (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Netzwerkanalyse (1)
- Neuropattern (1)
- Nuklearrezeptoren (1)
- Orbicularis-oculi-Reflex (1)
- P-Glykoprotein (1)
- PERIOD Gene (1)
- PERIOD gene (1)
- PERIOD genes (1)
- PTSD (1)
- Patient (1)
- Patients (1)
- Perfektionismus (1)
- Perfusion (1)
- Personalisierte Psychotherapie (1)
- Personalisierung (1)
- Personalized Medicine (1)
- Personalized mental health (1)
- Phasen-Amplituden-Kopplung (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Plazenta (1)
- Polymorphismus (1)
- Positive affect (1)
- Positiver Affekt (1)
- Posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom (1)
- Precision mental health (1)
- Pressorezeptor (1)
- Problemlösen (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Programm (1)
- Promotorregion (1)
- Prosa (1)
- Prosocial behavior (1)
- Proteomanalyse (1)
- Provokation (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Präpulsinhibierung (1)
- Psychiatric genetics (1)
- Psychische Störung (1)
- Psychisches Trauma (1)
- Psychologiestudierende (1)
- Psychologiestudium (1)
- Psychologische Diagnostik (1)
- Psychologische Distanz (1)
- Psychometrie (1)
- Psychometrischer Intelligenztest (1)
- Psychophysiology (1)
- Psychotherapeutische Versorgung (1)
- Pulsatilität (1)
- Pädagogische Diagnostik (1)
- RCT (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reiz-Reaktions Bindung (1)
- Reizverarbeitung (1)
- Reliabilität (1)
- Routine outcome monitoring (1)
- SNP (1)
- Sakkade (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schreckreflex (1)
- Schule (1)
- Schullaufbahnempfehlung (1)
- Schulleistung (1)
- Schulzeugnis (1)
- Schwangersch (1)
- Schwangerschaft (1)
- Schweißabsonderung (1)
- Sekundärkrankheit (1)
- Selbsteinschätzung (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- Selbstwert (1)
- Selbstwertgefühl (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (1)
- Selective attention (1)
- Selektion (1)
- Selektivität (1)
- Self-Regulation (1)
- Smoking) (1)
- Social anxiety disorder (1)
- Somatic experiencing (1)
- Sozialangst (1)
- Sozialer Stress (1)
- Sozialpsychologie (1)
- Sozialverhalten (1)
- Spatial learning (1)
- Speichel (1)
- Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Stability (1)
- Startle modulation (1)
- Startle reflex (1)
- Statistik (1)
- Stereotyp (1)
- Steroidhormonrezeptor (1)
- Stillen (1)
- Stimme (1)
- Stimulus-Response binding (1)
- Stimulus-response learning (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Subarachnoidalblutung (1)
- Sympathikus (1)
- Test-retest (1)
- Testen (1)
- Testergebnis (1)
- Testosteron (1)
- Thalamus (1)
- Therapieabbruch (1)
- Thermal stresses (1)
- Transkript (1)
- Transkription <Genetik> (1)
- Umweltbewusstsein (1)
- Universal Eating Monitor (1)
- Unsicherheit (1)
- Unterkörper Unterdruck (1)
- Unterrichtsfach (1)
- Vagus (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Vater (1)
- Vegetarianism (1)
- Verbesserung (1)
- Verbraucherverhalten (1)
- Verhaltensgenetik (1)
- Verhaltensmuster (1)
- Verhaltensstörung (1)
- Verlangen (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verpackung (1)
- Verschwendung (1)
- Videospiel (1)
- Visceral perception (1)
- Visuelle Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Viszerale Wahrnehmung (1)
- Vorsorge (1)
- Wandel (1)
- Wartezeit (1)
- Willenskraft (1)
- Wirkung (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Work Stress (1)
- Working memory (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zentralnervensystem (1)
- Zuckergehalt (1)
- Zytokin (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- action control (1)
- adaptive hypermedia (1)
- adolescents (1)
- affect (1)
- age stereotypes (1)
- akademisches Selbstkonzept (1)
- analysistransplantation (1)
- anterior cingulate (1)
- arterial spin labeling (1)
- associative learning (1)
- attitude formation (1)
- automatische Handlungsplanung (1)
- automatische Reizverarbeitung (1)
- baroreceptor (1)
- best before (1)
- biases in judgement (1)
- blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast (1)
- body composition (1)
- bottom-up-therapy (1)
- brain (1)
- bulimia (1)
- central adiposity (1)
- cerebral blood flow (1)
- chronic stress (1)
- chronischer Stress (1)
- circadian clock genes (1)
- circadian clock system (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive control (1)
- cold pressor (1)
- coming out (or disclosure) (1)
- cortex (1)
- corticosteroid receptor (1)
- cortisol response to awakening (1)
- counter-stimulation (1)
- cross-frequency coupling (1)
- crystallized abilities (1)
- customer loyalty (1)
- cytokine (1)
- cytokines (1)
- dACC (1)
- date labeling (1)
- decision making (1)
- depression (1)
- development (1)
- die circadiane Uhr-Gene (1)
- distractor processing (1)
- distress (1)
- domestic food waste (1)
- driver assistance system (1)
- dual task interference (1)
- early response (1)
- eating behavior (1)
- eating behaviour (1)
- ecological momentary assessment (1)
- educational assessment (1)
- effectiveness (1)
- efficacy (1)
- electrocardiogram (1)
- electroencephalogram (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- emotional intelligence (1)
- empirical evaluation (1)
- encoding (1)
- epigenetic programming (1)
- evaluation (1)
- evaluation framework (1)
- event file (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exekutive Funktionen (1)
- eyeblink conditioning (1)
- fMRT (1)
- factor analysis (1)
- familial risk (1)
- fathers (1)
- fine mapping (1)
- fissurization (1)
- fluid abilities (1)
- food preference (1)
- functional MRI (1)
- functional specialisation of hemispheres (1)
- funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (1)
- games, experimental (1)
- gene expression (1)
- genetics (1)
- glucocorticoids (1)
- glycaemic index (1)
- growth mixture modeling (1)
- heart failure (1)
- hippocampal atrophy (1)
- hippocampal volume assessment (1)
- homosexuality (1)
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (1)
- hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal-axis (1)
- hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunity (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- impulsivity (1)
- information processing (1)
- inhibitory control (1)
- interference (1)
- intergenerational programs (1)
- interoception (1)
- intrusions (1)
- judgement accuracy (1)
- kognitive Kontrolle (1)
- language processing (1)
- learning (1)
- linkage and mutational analysis (1)
- lower body negative pressure (1)
- lymphocytes (1)
- macrophages (1)
- maternal care (1)
- mean vector length (1)
- membrane glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- membraner Glucocorticoidrezeptor (1)
- memory (1)
- memory representation (1)
- menstrual cycle (1)
- methylation and SNPs (1)
- methylphenidate (1)
- midcingulate cortex (1)
- mineralocorticoid receptor (1)
- mismatch negativity (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulation index (1)
- monocytes (1)
- motion energy analysis (1)
- natural killer cells (1)
- natürliche Killerzellen (1)
- neuroendocrine system (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- nicht-genomische Effekte (1)
- non-genomic effects (1)
- nonverbal synchrony (1)
- norepinephrine (1)
- nuclear receptor (1)
- nucleus accumbens (1)
- obesity (1)
- older adults (1)
- p-glycoprotein (1)
- patient-focused psychotherapy research (1)
- patienten-orientierte Psychotherapieforschung (1)
- perception (1)
- periodic catatonia (1)
- periodische Katatonie (1)
- personalized psychotherapy (1)
- phase-amplitude coupling (1)
- placenta (1)
- plastic (1)
- post-transcriptional regulation (1)
- post-transkriptionelle Regulierung (1)
- post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- postnatal stress factors (1)
- postnatale Stressfaktoren (1)
- posttraumatic stress disorder (1)
- prenatal adversity (1)
- prenatal programming (1)
- prenatal stress (1)
- prenatal stress factors (1)
- prenatal tobacco exposure (1)
- prepulse inhibition (1)
- promoter region (1)
- proof of concept study (1)
- proteomics (1)
- provocation (1)
- pränatale Programmierung (1)
- pränatale Risikofaktoren (1)
- pränatale Stressfaktoren (1)
- pränatale Tabakexposition (1)
- pränataler Stress (1)
- psychological distance (1)
- psychology and behaviorsocial isolation (1)
- psychology students (1)
- psychometric validation (1)
- pulsatility (1)
- quantitative sensory testing (1)
- retrieval practice (1)
- risk factors (1)
- routine care (1)
- saccade (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- school (1)
- school performance (1)
- school subject (1)
- selection (1)
- selective forgetting (1)
- selektive Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- self-concept (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- self-esteem (1)
- self-perception (1)
- simulation study (1)
- social contactssurvival (1)
- social self-concept (1)
- somatische Komorbiditäten (1)
- soziale Selbstkonzepte (1)
- stress hyporesponsive period (1)
- stress reaction (1)
- structure (1)
- subarachnoid haemorrhage (1)
- substance abuse (1)
- teacher judgement (1)
- teachers (1)
- testing (1)
- text memory (1)
- trauma therapy (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- uniqueness seeking (1)
- user modeling (1)
- vagus (1)
- video games (1)
- visceral awareness (1)
- visual change detection (1)
- visuelle Wahrnehmung (1)
- visueller Mismatch (1)
- viszerale Empfindung (1)
- voice (1)
- zerebraler Blutfluss (1)
- Ätiologie (1)
- Überleben (1)
- Übung (1)
Institut
- Psychologie (94) (entfernen)
Background: The body-oriented therapeutic approach Somatic Experiencing® (SE) treats posttraumatic symptoms by changing the interoceptive and proprioceptive sensations associated with the traumatic experience. Filling a gap in the landscape of trauma treatments, SE has attracted growing interest in research and therapeutic practice, recently.
Objective: To date, there is no literature review of the effectiveness and key factors of SE. This review aims to summarize initial findings on the effectiveness of SE and to outline methodspecific key factors of SE.
Method: To gain a first overview of the literature, we conducted a scoping review including studies until 13 August 2020. We identified 83 articles of which 16 fit inclusion criteria and were systematically analysed.
Results: Findings provide preliminary evidence for positive effects of SE on PTSD-related symptoms. Moreover, initial evidence suggests that SE has a positive impact on affective and somatic symptoms and measures of well-being in both traumatized and non-traumatized
samples. Practitioners and clients identified resource-orientation and use of touch as methodspecific key factors of SE. Yet, an overall studies quality assessment as well as a Cochrane analysis of risk of bias indicate that the overall study quality is mixed.
Conclusions: The results concerning effectiveness and method-specific key factors of SE are promising; yet, require more support from unbiased RCT-research. Future research should focus on filling this gap.
This intervention study explored the effects of a newly developed intergenerational encounter program on cross-generational age stereotyping (CGAS). Based on a biographical-narrative approach, participants (secondary school students and nursing home residents) were invited to share ideas about existential questions of life (e.g., about one’s core experiences, future plans, and personal values). Therefore, the dyadic Life Story Interview (LSI) had been translated into a group format (the Life Story Encounter Program, LSEP), consisting of 10 90-min sessions. Analyses verified that LSEP participants of both generations showed more favorable CGAS immediately after, but also 3 months after the program end. Such change in CGAS was absent in a control group (no LSEP participation). The LSEP-driven short- and long-term effects on CGAS could be partially explained by two program benefits, the feeling of comfort with and the experience of learning from the other generation.
Food waste is the origin of major social and environmental issues. In industrial societies, domestic households are the biggest contributors to this problem. But why do people waste food although they buy and value it? Answering this question is mandatory to design effective interventions against food waste. So far, however, many interventions have not been based on theoretical knowledge. Integrating food waste literature and ambivalence research, we propose that domestic food waste can be understood via the concept of ambivalence—the simultaneous presence of positive and negative associations towards the same attitude object. In support of this notion, we demonstrated in three pre-registered experiments that people experienced ambivalence towards non-perishable food products with expired best before dates. The experience of ambivalence was in turn associated with an increased willingness to waste food. However, two informational interventions aiming to prevent people from experiencing ambivalence did not work as intended (Experiment 3). We hope that the outlined conceptualization inspires theory-driven research on why and when people dispose of food and on how to design effective interventions.
Background
Identifying pain-related response patterns and understanding functional mechanisms of symptom formation and recovery are important for improving treatment.
Objectives
We aimed to replicate pain-related avoidance-endurance response patterns associated with the Fear-Avoidance Model, and its extension, the Avoidance-Endurance Model, and examined their differences in secondary measures of stress, action control (i.e., dispositional action vs. state orientation), coping, and health.
Methods
Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on self-report data from 536 patients with chronic non-specific low back pain at the beginning of an inpatient rehabilitation program. Measures of stress (i.e., pain, life stress) and action control were analyzed as covariates regarding their influence on the formation of different pain response profiles. Measures of coping and health were examined as dependent variables.
Results
Partially in line with our assumptions, we found three pain response profiles of distress-avoidance, eustress-endurance, and low-endurance responses that are depending on the level of perceived stress and action control. Distress-avoidance responders emerged as the most burdened, dysfunctional patient group concerning measures of stress, action control, maladaptive coping, and health. Eustress-endurance responders showed one of the highest levels of action versus state orientation, as well as the highest levels of adaptive coping and physical activity. Low-endurance responders reported lower levels of stress as well as equal levels of action versus state orientation, maladaptive coping, and health compared to eustress-endurance responders; however, equally low levels of adaptive coping and physical activity compared to distress-avoidance responders.
Conclusions
Apart from the partially supported assumptions of the Fear-Avoidance and Avoidance-Endurance Model, perceived stress and dispositional action versus state orientation may play a crucial role in the formation of pain-related avoidance-endurance response patterns that vary in degree of adaptiveness. Results suggest tailoring interventions based on behavioral and functional analysis of pain responses in order to more effectively improve patients quality of life.
Evaluation of an eye tracking setup for studying visual attention in face-to-face conversations
(2021)
Many eye tracking studies use facial stimuli presented on a display to investigate attentional processing of social stimuli. To introduce a more realistic approach that allows interaction between two real people, we evaluated a new eye tracking setup in three independent studies in terms of data quality, short-term reliability and feasibility. Study 1 measured the robustness, precision and accuracy for calibration stimuli compared to a classical display-based setup. Study 2 used the identical measures with an independent study sample to compare the data quality for a photograph of a face (2D) and the face of the real person (3D). Study 3 evaluated data quality over the course of a real face-to-face conversation and examined the gaze behavior on the facial features of the conversation partner. Study 1 provides evidence that quality indices for the scene-based setup were comparable to those of a classical display-based setup. Average accuracy was better than 0.4° visual angle. Study 2 demonstrates that eye tracking quality is sufficient for 3D stimuli and robust against short interruptions without re-calibration. Study 3 confirms the long-term stability of tracking accuracy during a face-to-face interaction and demonstrates typical gaze patterns for facial features. Thus, the eye tracking setup presented here seems feasible for studying gaze behavior in dyadic face-to-face interactions. Eye tracking data obtained with this setup achieves an accuracy that is sufficient for investigating behavior such as eye contact in social interactions in a range of populations including clinical conditions, such as autism spectrum and social phobia.
Many people are aware of the negative consequences of plastic use on the environment. Nevertheless, they use plastic due to its functionality. In the present paper, we hypothesized that this leads to the experience of ambivalence—the simultaneous existence of positive and negative evaluations of plastic. In two studies, we found that participants showed greater ambivalence toward plastic packed food than unpacked food. Moreover, they rated plastic packed food less favorably than unpacked food in response evaluations. In Study 2, we tested whether one-sided (only positive vs. only negative) information interventions could effectively influence ambivalence. Results showed that ambivalence is resistant to (social) influence. Directions for future research were discussed.
Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH, OMIM %144110) is a genetically influenced condition characterised by excessive sweating. Prevalence varies between 1.0–6.1% in the general population, dependent on ethnicity. The aetiology of PFH remains unclear but an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypes have been reported. In our study, nine pedigrees (50 affected, 53 non-affected individuals) were included. Clinical characterisation was performed at the German Hyperhidrosis Centre, Munich, by using physiological and psychological questionnaires. Genome-wide parametric linkage analysis with GeneHunter was performed based on the Illumina genome-wide SNP arrays. Haplotypes were constructed using easyLINKAGE and visualised via HaploPainter. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with 100x coverage in 31 selected members (24 affected, 7 non-affected) from our pedigrees was achieved by next generation sequencing. We identified four genome-wide significant loci, 1q41-1q42.3, 2p14-2p13.3, 2q21.2-2q23.3 and 15q26.3-15q26.3 for PFH. Three pedigrees map to a shared locus at 2q21.2-2q23.3, with a genome-wide significant LOD score of 3.45. The chromosomal region identified here overlaps with a locus at chromosome 2q22.1-2q31.1 reported previously. Three families support 1q41-1q42.3 (LOD = 3.69), two families share a region identical by descent at 2p14-2p13.3 (LOD = 3.15) and another two families at 15q26.3 (LOD = 3.01). Thus, our results point to considerable genetic heterogeneity. WES did not reveal any causative variants, suggesting that variants or mutations located outside the coding regions might be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of PFH. We suggest a strategy based on whole-genome or targeted next generation sequencing to identify causative genes or variants for PFH.
A lack of ability to inhibit prepotent responses, or more generally a lack of impulse control, is associated with several disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia as well as general damage to the prefrontal cortex. A stop-signal task (SST) is a reliable and established measure of response inhibition. However, using the SST as an objective assessment in diagnostic or research-focused settings places significant stress on participants as the task itself requires concentration and cognitive effort and is not particularly engaging. This can lead to decreased motivation to follow task instructions and poor data quality, which can affect assessment efficacy and might increase drop-out rates. Gamification—the application of game-based elements in nongame settings—has shown to improve engaged attention to a cognitive task, thus increasing participant motivation and data quality.
Ability self-concept (SC) and self-efficacy (SE) are central competence-related self-perceptions that affect students’ success in educational settings. Both constructs show conceptual differences but their empirical differentiation in higher education has not been sufficiently demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated the empirical differentiation of SC and SE in higher education with N = 1,243 German psychology students (81% female; age M = 23.62 years), taking into account central methodological requirements that, in part, have been neglected in prior studies. SC and SE were assessed at the same level of specificity, only cognitive SC items were used, and multiple academic domains were considered. We modeled the structure of SC and SE taking into account a multidimensional and/or hierarchical structure and investigated the empirical differentiation of both constructs on different levels of generality (i.e., domain-specific and domain-general). Results supported the empirical differentiation of SC and SE with medium-sized positive latent correlations (range r = .57 - .68) between SC and SE on different levels of generality. The knowledge about the internal structure of students’ SC and SE and the differentiation of both constructs can help us to develop construct-specific and domain-specific intervention strategies. Future empirical comparisons of the predictive power of SC and SE can provide further evidence that both represent empirical different constructs.
This study investigated correlative, factorial, and structural relationships between scores for ability emotional intelligence in the workplace (measured with the Geneva Emotional Competence Test), as well as fluid and crystallized abilities (measured with the Intelligence Structure Battery), carried out by a 188-participant student sample. Confirming existing research, recognition, understanding, and management of emotions were related primarily to crystallized ability tests measuring general knowledge, verbal fluency, and knowledge of word meaning. Meanwhile, emotion regulation was the least correlated with any other cognitive or emotional ability. In line with research on the trainability of emotional intelligence, these results may support the notion that emotional abilities are subject to acquired knowledge, where situational (i.e., workplace-specific) emotional intelligence may depend on accumulating relevant experiences.