Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (181)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (30)
- Bachelorarbeit (1)
Schlagworte
- Stress (33)
- Hydrocortison (15)
- stress (13)
- cortisol (12)
- Cortisol (11)
- Depression (9)
- Stressreaktion (9)
- Aufmerksamkeit (8)
- Neuroendokrines System (8)
- Psychotherapie (8)
- Therapieerfolg (8)
- Lernen (7)
- Physiologische Psychologie (7)
- Aggression (5)
- ERP (5)
- Elektroencephalographie (5)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial (5)
- Gedächtnis (5)
- Hemisphärendominanz (5)
- Kind (5)
- Kognition (5)
- Schmerz (5)
- fMRI (5)
- Einstellung (4)
- Essstörung (4)
- Evaluation (4)
- Funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (4)
- Generationsbeziehung (4)
- Kognitive Psychologie (4)
- Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (4)
- Lebensmittel (4)
- Memory (4)
- Persönlichkeit (4)
- Psychobiologie (4)
- Psychologie (4)
- Rehabilitation (4)
- Vegetatives Nervensystem (4)
- depression (4)
- episodic memory (4)
- psychotherapy (4)
- Affekt (3)
- Alkoholismus (3)
- Ambulante Psychotherapie (3)
- Angst (3)
- Bewältigung (3)
- EEG (3)
- Elektroencephalogramm (3)
- Emotionsregulation (3)
- Episodisches Gedächtnis (3)
- Fibromyalgie (3)
- Fragebogen (3)
- Genetik (3)
- Gerechtigkeit (3)
- HPA axis (3)
- Handlungstheorie (3)
- Interaktion (3)
- Jugend (3)
- Langzeitgedächtnis (3)
- Motivation (3)
- Prognose (3)
- Psychotherapeutische Versorgung (3)
- Qualitätssicherung (3)
- Rückmeldung (3)
- Schizophrenie (3)
- Selbstbild (3)
- Selektive Wahrnehmung (3)
- Umweltbewusstsein (3)
- Vergessen (3)
- Vertrauen (3)
- age stereotypes (3)
- fibromyalgia (3)
- heart rate variability (3)
- intergenerational communication (3)
- long-term memory (3)
- memory (3)
- psychology (3)
- selective attention (3)
- self-efficacy (3)
- self-interest (3)
- well-being (3)
- Aktivierung (2)
- Alter (2)
- Altersstereotype (2)
- Ambivalenz (2)
- Angststörung (2)
- Arbeit (2)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (2)
- Augenfolgebewegung (2)
- Bipolar Disorder (2)
- Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (2)
- Brustkrebs (2)
- Burnout (2)
- Chronischer Schmerz (2)
- Depressivität (2)
- Diagnostik (2)
- Dienstleistung (2)
- Distractor-Response Binding (2)
- Dopamin (2)
- E-Learning (2)
- Ecological Momentary Assessment (2)
- Eigennutz (2)
- Emotion (2)
- Emotionales Verhalten (2)
- Entfernung (2)
- Entgeltzufriedenheit (2)
- Entscheidung (2)
- Entwicklung (2)
- Epistemologische Überzeugungen (2)
- Erkenntnistheorie (2)
- Erschöpfung (2)
- Essgewohnheit (2)
- Essverhalten (2)
- Evaluative Konditionierung (2)
- Experiment (2)
- Extraversion (2)
- Flexibilität (2)
- Förderung (2)
- Gefühl (2)
- Gehirn (2)
- Genanalyse (2)
- Genexpression (2)
- Glucocorticosteroide (2)
- Glucocorticosteroidrezeptor (2)
- HPA-Achse (2)
- Handlungsregulation (2)
- Herzfrequenzvariabilität (2)
- Humangenetik (2)
- Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse (2)
- Informationsverarbeitung (2)
- Inhibition (2)
- Insulin (2)
- Intelligenz (2)
- Intelligenzleistung (2)
- Interesse (2)
- Interozeption (2)
- Kognitive Psychotherapie (2)
- Kognitives Reframing (2)
- Kognitives Schema (2)
- Krebskranker (2)
- Lateralität (2)
- Learning (2)
- Lerntechnik (2)
- Methylierung (2)
- NMR-Tomographie (2)
- Neuropattern (2)
- P300 (2)
- PTSD (2)
- Partnerwahl (2)
- Patient (2)
- Persönlichkeitsstörung (2)
- Promotor <Genetik> (2)
- Psychological stress (2)
- Psychometrie (2)
- Psychosomatik (2)
- Reizverarbeitung (2)
- Remission (2)
- Schlaf (2)
- Schreckreaktion (2)
- Schule (2)
- Sekundärkrankheit (2)
- Selbstkontrolle (2)
- Selbstregulation (2)
- Selbstvertrauen (2)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (2)
- Sozialpsychologie (2)
- Stereotyp (2)
- Stressbewältigung (2)
- Stressor (2)
- Sympathikus (2)
- Therapieabbruch (2)
- Training (2)
- Transkription <Genetik> (2)
- Umweltschutz (2)
- Ungerechtigkeit (2)
- Unsicherheit (2)
- Verhalten (2)
- Verhaltensgenetik (2)
- Verkehrsmittelwahl (2)
- Vignette (2)
- Visuelle Aufmerksamkeit (2)
- Wartezeit (2)
- Zentralnervensystem (2)
- academic self-concept (2)
- action strategy (2)
- adolescents (2)
- affective startle modulation (2)
- alternative Transkriptionsvarianten (2)
- alternative transcription variant (2)
- ambivalence (2)
- attitudes (2)
- behavioral genetics (2)
- belief in a just world (2)
- brain asymmetry (2)
- cognitive reframing (2)
- coping (2)
- critical life events (2)
- directed forgetting (2)
- dopamine (2)
- eating behavior (2)
- ecological momentary assessment (2)
- evaluation (2)
- evaluative conditioning (2)
- exhaustion (2)
- free-riding (2)
- functional MRI (2)
- glucocorticoid receptor (2)
- information literacy (2)
- interpersonal trust (2)
- intervention (2)
- mating preferences (2)
- memory development (2)
- mental model (2)
- moral behavior (2)
- nonverbal synchrony (2)
- norepinephrine (2)
- obesity (2)
- optimism (2)
- outcome (2)
- pain (2)
- patient focused research (2)
- pay satisfaction (2)
- periodic catatonia (2)
- personality (2)
- quality assurance (2)
- rumination (2)
- selektive Aufmerksamkeit (2)
- Öffentliches Gut (2)
- (ADHD (1)
- 2D DIGE (1)
- 5' UTR (1)
- ACC (1)
- ACTH (1)
- ANS (1)
- AVEM (1)
- Abhängigkeit (1)
- Abhängigkeitsunterstützungsskript (1)
- Acculturative Stress (1)
- Acetylcholin (1)
- Action Theory (1)
- Action control (1)
- Adaptives System (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Affect (1)
- Affektive Schreckreiz-Modulation (1)
- Affektive Startle Modulation (1)
- Affektstörung (1)
- Akkommodation (1)
- Akkulturationsorientierungen (1)
- Akkulturativer Stress (1)
- Akteur (1)
- Alexithymie (1)
- Allgemeine Entzündungsreaktion (1)
- Allgemeine Psychologie (1)
- Alliance Ruptures (1)
- Allmenschlichkeit (1)
- Allmenschlichkeitsgedanke (1)
- Allokation (1)
- Alprazolam (1)
- Altersstereotyp (1)
- Ambiguität (1)
- Ambivalence (1)
- Anforderungsanalyse (1)
- Animation (1)
- Annäherungs-Vermeidungs-Motivation (1)
- Anorexia nervosa (1)
- Anschlussheilbehandlung (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- App (1)
- Approach-avoidance motivation (1)
- Arbeitsmotivation (1)
- Arbeitsunfähigkeit (1)
- Arbeitszeitverkürzung (1)
- Arbeitszeitverzicht (1)
- Arbeitszufriedenheit (1)
- Assimilation (1)
- Assoziationsexperiment (1)
- Assoziatives Lernen (1)
- Asymmetrie (1)
- Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom (1)
- Ausdauer (1)
- Ausdauertraining (1)
- Auswahl (1)
- Autismus (1)
- Autoaggression (1)
- Automatismus (1)
- Autonomic Nervous System (1)
- Baroreflex (1)
- Barorezeptorensensitivitaet (1)
- Bauchfett (1)
- Bedürfnis nach kognitiver Geschlossenheit (1)
- Beeinflussung (1)
- Befindlichkeit (1)
- Begabtenförderung (1)
- Behalten (1)
- Behandlungsmotivation (1)
- Behavioural methods (1)
- Belohnung (1)
- Belohnungssensitivität (1)
- Benutzer (1)
- Benutzerfreundlichkeit (1)
- Berufliche Fortbildung (1)
- Berufliche Qualifikation (1)
- Berufseignungsdiagnostik (1)
- Berufsrolle (1)
- Berufswahl (1)
- Beteiligung (1)
- Betroffenheit (1)
- Beurteilung (1)
- Beurteilungsfehler (1)
- Bewusstsein (1)
- Bewältigungsstrategien (1)
- Beziehung (1)
- Bezugsperson (1)
- Bias (1)
- Bibliometrics (1)
- Bibliometrie (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Binge-eating Disorder (1)
- Bipolare Störung (1)
- Birth weight (1)
- Blinkreflex (1)
- Blinzelreflex (1)
- Borderline Personality Disorder (1)
- Brain (1)
- Brebner (1)
- Brennpunktthemen (1)
- Bulimarexie (1)
- Bulimie (1)
- Burnout-Syndrom (1)
- C15orf53 (1)
- CASL (1)
- CBG (1)
- CBT (1)
- COMT Val158Met (1)
- Care (1)
- Catecholmethyltransferase <Catechol-0-Methyltransferase> (1)
- Central Nervous System (1)
- Change (1)
- Change Patterns (1)
- Chromosom 15 (1)
- Chromosom 22 (1)
- Chromosomenanomalie (1)
- Chronische Schmerzen (1)
- Cingulum (1)
- Cingulum Cerebri (1)
- Citation Analysis (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cold Pressor Test (1)
- Coming-out (1)
- Conceptual Endophenotypes (1)
- Conduct disorder (1)
- Consolidation (1)
- Construal Level Theorie (1)
- Construal Level Theory (1)
- Consumer need for uniqueness (1)
- Contingent Negative Variation (1)
- Continuity (1)
- Control theory (1)
- Coping Efforts of Battered Women (1)
- Coping strategies (1)
- Corpus callosum (1)
- Corticosteroid-bindendes Globulin (1)
- Corticosteroidrezeptor (1)
- Cortisol awakening rise (CAR) (1)
- Cortisol circadian rhythm (1)
- Cortisol-Aufwach-Reaktion (1)
- Cortisolaufwachreaktion (1)
- Counseling (1)
- Curientologie (1)
- Curienz (1)
- Curienzphilosophie (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- DNA-Methylation (1)
- DNA-Polymorphism (1)
- DOHaD (1)
- DRM-Paradigma (1)
- DRM-paradigm (1)
- Das circadiane System (1)
- Decision Making (1)
- Deutscher Caritasverband (1)
- Dexmedetomidin (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diagnose (1)
- Diagnostische Urteilskompetenz (1)
- Dialog (1)
- Dienstleistungssektor (1)
- Differentialdiagnose (1)
- Differentielle Genexpression (1)
- Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung (1)
- Diffusionsmodell (1)
- Dissonance (1)
- Dissonanzreduktion (1)
- Distraktor-Reaktionsbindung (1)
- Distraktor-Verarbeitung (1)
- Distraktorverarbeitung (1)
- E-Therapy (1)
- EKP (1)
- Eating disorder (1)
- Education (1)
- Egoismus (1)
- Einflussgröße (1)
- Einstellungsforschung (1)
- Einzelhandel (1)
- Electronic Shopping (1)
- Elektroenzephalogramm (1)
- Elektrokardiogramm (1)
- Elternverhalten (1)
- Embitterment (1)
- Emotionale Dissonanz (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Emotionsarbeit (1)
- Empfindung (1)
- Empörung (1)
- Encodierung (1)
- Entgeltrisiko (1)
- Entscheidung bei Risiko (1)
- Entscheidungsprozess (1)
- Entscheidungstheorie (1)
- Entscheidungsträger (1)
- Envirnoment (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Epigenetics (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Epistemological beliefs (1)
- Epistemology (1)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potential (1)
- Erfahrung (1)
- Ergebnis (1)
- Erinnerung (1)
- Erinnerungsbewusstein (1)
- Erinnerungstäuschung (1)
- Erklärungsmodell (1)
- Erregung (1)
- Ersparnisparadigma (1)
- Erwartung (1)
- Erzählung (1)
- Event file (1)
- Event-File (1)
- Exekuitive Funktion (1)
- Exekutive Funktionen (1)
- Existentielle Psychologie (1)
- F0 (1)
- FKBP51 (1)
- FRN (1)
- Fahrassistenzsystem (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Falsification (1)
- Falsifikation (1)
- Familie (1)
- Familienbeziehung (1)
- Farbensehen (1)
- Fear (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Feinkartierung (1)
- Fettsucht (1)
- Fetus (1)
- Figur/Hintergrund (1)
- Fissurisation (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Flupentixol (1)
- Food pictures (1)
- Forschungsinteressen (1)
- Forschungskooperation (1)
- Fragebogen zu Kompetenz- und Kontrollüberzeugungen (1)
- Fragebogenstudie (1)
- Frequenzbandkopplungen (1)
- Functional Gastointestinal Disorders (1)
- Funktionalität (1)
- Funktionelle Kernspintomografie (1)
- Funktionelle Kernspintomographie (1)
- Funktionelle Störung (1)
- Furcht (1)
- Fähigkeitsselbstkonzepte (1)
- Führung (1)
- GR (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gebrauchstauglichkeit (1)
- Geduld (1)
- Gedächtnisentwicklung (1)
- Gedächtnisrepräsentation (1)
- Gedächtnistest (1)
- Gegenstimulation (1)
- Geistige Behinderung (1)
- Gemeinwohl (1)
- Gemischte Wachstumskurvenmodelle (1)
- Genauigkeit (1)
- Genderbias (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geneva Emotional Competence Test (1)
- Gerechte-Welt-Glaube (1)
- Gerechtigkeitsmotiv (1)
- Gerechtigkeitspsychologie (1)
- Geruch (1)
- Geschichte der Psychologie (1)
- Geschlechterstereotyp (1)
- Geschlechtsunterschied (1)
- Geschwindigkeitswahrnehmung (1)
- Gesellschaftliche Themen (1)
- Gesichtsfeld (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Ghrelin (1)
- Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) (1)
- Glucocorticoidrezeptor (1)
- Glucocorticoids (1)
- Glukokortikoidrezeptor (1)
- Growth Mixture Modeling (1)
- Grundfrequenz (1)
- Grundschulkind (1)
- Grundschullehrer (1)
- Gruppe (1)
- Gruppen (1)
- Gruppentherapie (1)
- Gyrifikation (1)
- HPA (1)
- HPA Axis (1)
- Habituation (1)
- Handlungsstrategie (1)
- Handlungsstrategien (1)
- Haushalt (1)
- Heart rate (1)
- Hemisphaere (1)
- Hemisphäre <Anatomie> (1)
- Herzratenvariabilitaet (1)
- Herztransplantation (1)
- Hidden Profiles (1)
- Hilfe (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- Hippocampus Aktivierung (1)
- Hippocampus Atrophie (1)
- Hippocampus Volumen (1)
- Hirnforschung (1)
- Hirnfunktion (1)
- Hirnrinde (1)
- Hoffnung (1)
- Homöostase (1)
- Human (1)
- Human behaviour (1)
- Hydrocortisone (1)
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (1)
- Händigkeit (1)
- IPC-Fragebogen zu Kontrollüberzeugungen (1)
- Imagination (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Implizite Religiosität (1)
- Implizites Gedächtnis (1)
- Implizites Lernen (1)
- Implizites Sequenzlernen (1)
- Impulsivität (1)
- Individualisierte Medizin (1)
- Individualisierung (1)
- Information (1)
- Information Retrieval (1)
- Informationskompetenz (1)
- Infusion (1)
- Inhibitorische Kontrolle (1)
- Integrative Therapie (1)
- Integriertes Lernen (1)
- Intelligence Structure Battery (1)
- Intelligence profiles (1)
- Intelligenztest (1)
- Intention (1)
- Intercultural Adaptation (1)
- Interdependenz (1)
- Interdisziplinarität (1)
- Interdisziplinäre Forschung (1)
- Interests (1)
- Intergenerational relationships (1)
- Intergenerationelle Kommunikation (1)
- Interkulturelle Adaptation (1)
- Interkulturelles Testen (1)
- Internalisierte Homonegativität (1)
- Internalized Homonegativity (1)
- Internationalität (1)
- Internationalization (1)
- Internetbased testing (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Interpersonale Kommunikation (1)
- Intragenerationelle Kommunikation (1)
- Intranasal insulin (1)
- Intrusionen (1)
- Irreversibilität (1)
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (1)
- Isolation <Soziologie> (1)
- Item- und Assoziationstest (1)
- Job Analysis (1)
- Kaltwasserstresstest (1)
- Kaltwasssertest (1)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (1)
- Katastrophisieren und Zuwendung (1)
- Kausalität (1)
- Kausalzusammenhang (1)
- Kernspintomographie (1)
- Kinder und Jugendliche (1)
- Kindertraining (1)
- Klassiche Lidschlagkonditionierung (1)
- Klassische Konditionierung (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Koerperwahrnehmung (1)
- Kognitive Entwicklung (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Komorbidität (1)
- Konditionierung (1)
- Konfliktregelung (1)
- Konfrontationstherapie (1)
- Konsolidierung (1)
- Konstruktivismus <Psychologie> (1)
- Kontinuitätshypothese (1)
- Kontrollierte Therapiestudie (1)
- Kontrollüberzeugungen (1)
- Konzeptualisierung (1)
- Konzeptuelle Endophänotypen (1)
- Kooperation (1)
- Kopfschmerz (1)
- Kopplungs- und Mutationsanalysen (1)
- Korsakow-Syndrom (1)
- Kortex (1)
- Krankheitsbewältigung (1)
- Kritischer Realismus (1)
- Kulturkontakt (1)
- Kulturvergleich (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Kurzfassungen (1)
- Körpertherapie (1)
- LG children (1)
- Lateralitaet (1)
- Laterality (1)
- Learning Experiences (1)
- Leben (1)
- Lebensereignis (1)
- Lebensgeschichte (1)
- Lebenskrise (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lebensrückblick (1)
- Lebenssinn (1)
- Lehrer (1)
- Lehrerbeurteilung (1)
- Leistungslohn (1)
- Leistungsmotivation (1)
- Lernziel (1)
- Leserichtung (1)
- Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) (1)
- Lingusitic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Locus of Control (1)
- Locus of control (1)
- Long-term memory (1)
- Lymphozyt (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS (1)
- MLC1 (1)
- MR (1)
- Major Depression (1)
- Makrophage (1)
- Mann (1)
- Manual des Programms (1)
- Mass Customization (1)
- Mathematik (1)
- Meat Consumption (1)
- Meat Paradox (1)
- Mensch (1)
- Menstruationszyklus (1)
- Mental Retardation (1)
- Mentale Modelle (1)
- Mergers and Acquisitions (1)
- Messung (1)
- Meta-Analyse (1)
- Meta-Analysis (1)
- Metaanalyse (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Methylierung und SNPs (1)
- Methylphenidat (1)
- Mikrointervention (1)
- Milde Depression (1)
- Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum (1)
- Mineralokortikoidrezeptor (1)
- Mirkointerventionen (1)
- Misshandelte Frau (1)
- Mlc1 (1)
- Mobilfunk (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Modalstrukturen (1)
- Moderator (1)
- Moderators and mediators (1)
- Moderatorvariablen (1)
- Modulation (1)
- Monozyt (1)
- Morgentlicher Cortisolanstieg (1)
- Mortality Salience (1)
- Mortalitätssalienz (1)
- Motor mimicry (1)
- MouseTracker (1)
- Multikulturelle Gesellschaft (1)
- Multimedia (1)
- Multiple Teammitgliedschaft (1)
- Muskelspannung (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Männlichkeit (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NR3C1 (1)
- Nachsorge (1)
- Nachtarbeit (1)
- Nachtschicht (1)
- Neoreligie (1)
- Netzwerkanalyse (1)
- Neue Religiosität (1)
- Neuroendocrinology (1)
- Neuroleptikum (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- New Look (1)
- Non Ulcer Dyspepsia (1)
- Nonverbale Synchronie (1)
- Noradrenalin (1)
- Nuklearrezeptoren (1)
- Nutzererwartungen (1)
- Occupational Choice (1)
- Odor (1)
- Online-Strategie (1)
- Online-Trainererfolg (1)
- Opfer <Sozialpsychologie> (1)
- Orbicularis-oculi-Reflex (1)
- Organisationsentwicklung (1)
- Organisationspsychologie (1)
- P-Glykoprotein (1)
- PERIOD Gene (1)
- PERIOD gene (1)
- PERIOD genes (1)
- PTED (1)
- Pain (1)
- Palliative Interpretation (1)
- Parent-child relationships (1)
- Partizipation (1)
- Patient-focused psychotherapy research (1)
- Patient-focused research (1)
- Patientenorientierte Therapieforschung (1)
- Patientenorientierte Versorgungsforschung (1)
- Patientensprache (1)
- Patients (1)
- Pay-at-risk (1)
- Peptid YY (1)
- Perfektionismus (1)
- Perfusion (1)
- Periodische Katatonie (1)
- Personaler Widerstand (1)
- Personalisierte Psychotherapie (1)
- Personalisierung (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personalized Medicine (1)
- Personalized mental health (1)
- Personengedächtnis (1)
- Persönlichke (1)
- Persönlichkeit <Psychologie> (1)
- Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik (1)
- Phasen-Amplituden-Kopplung (1)
- Philosophische Praxis (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Plazenta (1)
- Polymorphismus (1)
- Positive affect (1)
- Positiver Affekt (1)
- Post-Merger-Integration (1)
- Poststress-Symptome (1)
- Poststroke Depression (1)
- Posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom (1)
- Posttraumatisches Stressysndrom (1)
- Precision mental health (1)
- Pressorezeptor (1)
- Primärprävention (1)
- Probabilistische Testtheorie (1)
- Problemlösen (1)
- Proenvironmental action (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Programm (1)
- Progressive Relaxation (1)
- Projektbewertung (1)
- Promoter (1)
- Promotor (1)
- Promotorregion (1)
- Prosa (1)
- Prosocial behavior (1)
- Prosoziales Verhalten (1)
- Proteomanalyse (1)
- Provokation (1)
- Prozess-Outcome-Forschung (1)
- Prozessanalyse <Prozessmanagement> (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Präpulsinhibierung (1)
- Prävalenz (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Prüfungsangst (1)
- Psychiatric genetics (1)
- Psychiatrische Tagesklinik (1)
- Psychische Gesundheit (1)
- Psychische Störung (1)
- Psychisches Trauma (1)
- Psychologen (1)
- Psychological Stress (1)
- Psychologiestudierende (1)
- Psychologiestudium (1)
- Psychologische Beratung (1)
- Psychologische Diagnostik (1)
- Psychologische Distanz (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Psychometrischer Intelligenztest (1)
- Psychoneuroimmunology (1)
- Psychopharmakologie (1)
- Psychophysics (1)
- Psychophysiology (1)
- Psychosomatische Störung (1)
- Psychotherapeut (1)
- Psychotherapeutischer Prozess (1)
- Psychotherapieforschung (1)
- Psychotherapy (1)
- Psychotherapy research (1)
- Pulsatilität (1)
- Pädagogische Diagnostik (1)
- Pädagogische Psychologie (1)
- Quelle (1)
- Quellenkontrolle (1)
- RCT (1)
- Rache (1)
- Raucherentwöhnung (1)
- Raucherprävention (1)
- Reactivation (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reaktionszeit (1)
- Reaktivierung (1)
- Reiz-Reaktions Bindung (1)
- Reliabilität (1)
- Religionspsychologie (1)
- Religiosität (1)
- Reue (1)
- Routine outcome monitoring (1)
- Rumination (1)
- Rupture Resolution (1)
- Rückfall (1)
- Rückmeldungen (1)
- SARA (1)
- SNP (1)
- Sakkade (1)
- Salienz (1)
- Schichtarbeit (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schlaganfall (1)
- Schmerzvolle Selbstenthüllungen (1)
- Schreckreflex (1)
- Schulabgänger (1)
- Schullaufbahnempfehlung (1)
- Schulleistung (1)
- Schulzeugnis (1)
- Schwangersch (1)
- Schwangerschaft (1)
- Schweißabsonderung (1)
- Seelsorge (1)
- Selbst (1)
- Selbstbewusstsein (1)
- Selbsteinschätzung (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selbstwert (1)
- Selbstwertgefühl (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (1)
- Selective attention (1)
- Selektion (1)
- Selektivität (1)
- Self-Regulation (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-injurious Behavior (1)
- Self-regulation (1)
- Sensitisation (1)
- Signaldetektion (1)
- Skripttheorie (1)
- Sleep (1)
- Smoking) (1)
- Social anxiety disorder (1)
- Social justice (1)
- Social psychology (1)
- Softwareentwicklung (1)
- Somatic experiencing (1)
- Sonderforschungsbereich (1)
- Sozialangst (1)
- Soziale Unterstützung (1)
- Sozialer Stress (1)
- Soziales Dilemma (1)
- Soziales Netzwerk (1)
- Sozialverhalten (1)
- Spatial learning (1)
- Special Education (1)
- Speichel (1)
- Spiegel (1)
- Spieltheorie (1)
- Spielverhalten (1)
- Spiritualität (1)
- Sprachanalyse (1)
- Sprachkompetenz (1)
- Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Stability (1)
- Startle modulation (1)
- Startle reflex (1)
- Statistik (1)
- Stereotyp <Motiv> (1)
- Stereotype (1)
- Stereotypes Verhalten (1)
- Steroidhormonrezeptor (1)
- Stillen (1)
- Stimme (1)
- Stimulus-Response binding (1)
- Stimulus-response learning (1)
- Strategie (1)
- Strategie / Implementation (1)
- Stress Response (1)
- Stressbelastung (1)
- Stressreaktivitaet (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Struktur-Lege-Technik (1)
- Students (1)
- Subarachnoidalblutung (1)
- Suchtverlangen (1)
- Sudden Gains (1)
- Sudden Losses (1)
- Symptom (1)
- Symptombelastung (1)
- Symptome (1)
- Teamgrenzen (1)
- Test-retest (1)
- Testen (1)
- Testergebnis (1)
- Testosteron (1)
- Thalamus (1)
- Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (1)
- Theory of planned behavior (1)
- Therapeutensprache (1)
- Therapeutische Beziehung (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Therapiebeziehung (1)
- Therapieergebnis (1)
- Therapieverlauf (1)
- Thermal stresses (1)
- Topic Modeling (1)
- Tranquilizer (1)
- Transkranielle magnetische Stimulation (1)
- Transkript (1)
- Trias of Trust (1)
- Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) (1)
- Trier Sozial Stress Test (TSST) (1)
- Triple-X-Syndrom (1)
- Triple-X-Syndrome (1)
- Trittbrettfahren (1)
- Trittbrettfahrerverhalten (1)
- Turkish migrants (1)
- Tyrosin (1)
- Türkisch (1)
- Türkische Migranten (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umwelthandeln (1)
- Umweltpsychologie (1)
- Umweltschutzmodell nach Kals und Montada (1)
- Umwertung (1)
- Universal Eating Monitor (1)
- Unsichtbare Religion (1)
- Unterkörper Unterdruck (1)
- Unternehmen (1)
- Unternehmenszusammenschluss (1)
- Unterrichtsfach (1)
- Vagus (1)
- Valenz (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Variable Vergütung (1)
- Vater (1)
- Vegetarianism (1)
- Verantwortlichkeit (1)
- Verbesserung (1)
- Verbitterung (1)
- Verbraucherverhalten (1)
- Verdientheit (1)
- Vergütung (1)
- Verhaltensauffälligkeiten (1)
- Verhaltensmuster (1)
- Verhaltensstörung (1)
- Verhandlung (1)
- Verkaufspersonal. (1)
- Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Verkehrspolitik (1)
- Verlangen (1)
- Verlaufsmuster (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verpackung (1)
- Verschwendung (1)
- Vertrauens-Trias (1)
- Veränderung (1)
- Veränderungsmuster (1)
- Videospiel (1)
- Virtualisierung (1)
- Visceral perception (1)
- Visueller Reiz (1)
- Viszerale Wahrnehmung (1)
- Vorsorge (1)
- Vorverhandlungsphase (1)
- Vulnerability- and Resilience Variables Realtive to Psychosomatic Symptoms (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wandel (1)
- Wertorientierung (1)
- Willenskraft (1)
- Wirkung (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Wissenschaft / Geschichte (1)
- Wissenschaftler (1)
- Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen (1)
- Wissenschaftsforschung (1)
- Wissenschaftstheorie (1)
- Wissensrepräsentation (1)
- Wollen (1)
- Work Stress (1)
- Working memory (1)
- Yohimbin (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zeitdruck (1)
- Zielanpassung (1)
- Zirkadianer Rhythmus (1)
- Zitatenanalyse (1)
- Zuckergehalt (1)
- Zukunftsvertrauen (1)
- Zuversicht (1)
- Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung (1)
- Zytokin (1)
- accommodation (1)
- accommodative flexibility (1)
- acculturation orientations (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- achievement motivation (1)
- action control (1)
- adaptive hypermedia (1)
- adolescence (1)
- aerobic exercise (1)
- affect (1)
- aftercare (1)
- age (1)
- ageism (1)
- aggression (1)
- akademisches Selbstkonzept (1)
- akkommodative Flexibilität (1)
- alcohol disorder (1)
- alcoholism (1)
- alliance ruptures (1)
- allocation (1)
- alpha2-adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- alpha2-adrenergic receptors (1)
- analysistransplantation (1)
- anger (1)
- animation (1)
- anterior cingulate (1)
- anxiety and somatization disorder (1)
- anxiety disorder (1)
- arterial spin labeling (1)
- aspherical mirror (1)
- assessment (1)
- assimilation (1)
- association study (1)
- associative learning (1)
- attention (1)
- attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- attitude formation (1)
- automaticity (1)
- automatische Handlungsplanung (1)
- automatische Informationsverarbeitung (1)
- automatische Reizverarbeitung (1)
- autonome regulation (1)
- baroreceptor (1)
- baroreflex sensitivity (1)
- best before (1)
- biases in judgement (1)
- bicultural social contacts (1)
- bikulturelle soziale Kontakte (1)
- blended learning (1)
- blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast (1)
- body composition (1)
- borderline (1)
- bottom-up-therapy (1)
- brain (1)
- bulimia (1)
- cancer (1)
- cardiovascular reactivity (1)
- causal connection (1)
- central adiposity (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- cerebral blood flow (1)
- change (1)
- child training (1)
- chromosomal aberration (1)
- chronic pain (1)
- chronic stress (1)
- chronische Schmerzen (1)
- chronischer Stress (1)
- circadian clock genes (1)
- circadian clock system (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitiv mapping (1)
- cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- cognitive control (1)
- cognitive indignation control training (1)
- cold pressor (1)
- color (1)
- coming out (or disclosure) (1)
- comorbidity (1)
- comparison mindsets (1)
- compensation risk (1)
- conceptual implicit memory tests (1)
- conceptualization (1)
- confrontation (1)
- consciousness (1)
- continuum hypothesis (1)
- convex mirror (1)
- cooperation (1)
- coping behavior (1)
- copus callosum (1)
- cortex (1)
- corticosteroid receptor (1)
- cortisol response to awakening (1)
- counter-stimulation (1)
- craving (1)
- critical realism (1)
- critical-incident-technique (1)
- cross-frequency coupling (1)
- crystallized abilities (1)
- cultural distance (1)
- cultural values (1)
- customer loyalty (1)
- customer-related job demands (1)
- cytokine (1)
- cytokines (1)
- dACC (1)
- date labeling (1)
- day hospital treatment (1)
- decision maker (1)
- decision making (1)
- defensive attribution (1)
- dependency-support script (1)
- deservingness (1)
- development (1)
- dexmedetomidine (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diagnostic effiency (1)
- diagnostic measurement (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- diagnostisches Messinstrumente (1)
- die circadiane Uhr-Gene (1)
- differential diagnostic (1)
- differential patterns (1)
- diffusion model (1)
- diffusion tensor imaging (1)
- distance (1)
- distractor processing (1)
- distress (1)
- domestic food waste (1)
- driver assistance system (1)
- drop-out (1)
- dual task interference (1)
- e-commerce (1)
- e-strategy (1)
- e-therapy (1)
- e-trainer (1)
- eCommerce (1)
- early adversity (1)
- early response (1)
- eating after stress (1)
- eating behaviour (1)
- eating disorders (1)
- eating habits (1)
- educational assessment (1)
- educational goals (1)
- effectiveness (1)
- efficacy (1)
- electrocardiogram (1)
- electroencephalogram (1)
- emotion control training (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- emotion work (1)
- emotional dissonance (1)
- emotional intelligence (1)
- emotional labor (1)
- emotional reactions (1)
- empirical evaluation (1)
- employee involvement (1)
- encoding (1)
- epigenetic programming (1)
- epistemological beliefs (1)
- epistemology (1)
- equivalence (1)
- evaluation framework (1)
- event file (1)
- event-related potential (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exekutive Funktionen (1)
- existential psychology (1)
- experiment (1)
- explicit (1)
- extraversion (1)
- eye movement (1)
- eyeblink conditioning (1)
- fMRT (1)
- factor analysis (1)
- falsche Erinnerungen (1)
- false memories (1)
- familial risk (1)
- family members (1)
- fathers (1)
- feedback (1)
- figure/ground (1)
- fine mapping (1)
- fissurization (1)
- flexibility (1)
- fluid abilities (1)
- focussed attenion (1)
- food preference (1)
- forgetting (1)
- frühkindlicher Stress (1)
- functional hemispheric asymmetry (1)
- functional specialisation of hemispheres (1)
- funktionelle Hemisphärenasymmetrie (1)
- funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (1)
- gambling (1)
- games, experimental (1)
- gender (1)
- gene expression (1)
- general psychology (1)
- genetic counseling (1)
- genetics (1)
- genetische Beratung (1)
- ghrelin (1)
- glucocorticoids (1)
- glycaemic index (1)
- goal adjustment (1)
- gobal environmental protection (1)
- group therapy (1)
- growth mixture modeling (1)
- handedness (1)
- headache (1)
- heart failure (1)
- help seeking behavior (1)
- hindsight bias (1)
- hippocampal atrophy (1)
- hippocampal volume assessment (1)
- homosexuality (1)
- hydrocortisone-secretion (1)
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (1)
- hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal-axis (1)
- hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunity (1)
- implicit (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- implicit memory (1)
- implicit religion (1)
- impulsivity (1)
- individuelle Nachsorge (1)
- information elaboration (1)
- information processing (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inhibitory control (1)
- intedisciplinarity (1)
- integrative Verhandlungen (1)
- integrative negotiation (1)
- inter-group negotiation (1)
- interaction (1)
- interdisciplinary research (1)
- interests (1)
- interference (1)
- intergenerational justice (1)
- intergenerational programs (1)
- intergenerational relations (1)
- intergenerational responsibility (1)
- intergenerationelle Kommunikation (1)
- interhemispheric transfer (1)
- interhemisphärischer Transfer (1)
- internetbasiertes Testen (1)
- interoception (1)
- interpersonal problems (1)
- interpersonales Vertrauen (1)
- intrusions (1)
- irreversibility (1)
- judgement accuracy (1)
- justice motive (1)
- kardiovaskulaere Dysregulation (1)
- kognitive Kontrolle (1)
- komparative Mindsets (1)
- konvexe Spiegel (1)
- korsakoff' s syndrome (1)
- kulturelle Distanz (1)
- kulturelle Werte (1)
- kundenbezogene Arbeitsanforderungen (1)
- körperliche Beschwerden (1)
- language processing (1)
- leadership (1)
- learning (1)
- learning strategies (1)
- leisure-sickness (1)
- life review (1)
- life story (1)
- lifestyles (1)
- linkage and mutational analysis (1)
- locus of control (1)
- lower body negative pressure (1)
- lymphocytes (1)
- macrophages (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- matching (1)
- maternal care (1)
- mean vector length (1)
- meaning in life (1)
- membrane glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- membraner Glucocorticoidrezeptor (1)
- memory for distances (1)
- memory representation (1)
- menstrual cycle (1)
- mental maps (1)
- mentale Modelle (1)
- methylation and SNPs (1)
- methylphenidate (1)
- microintervention (1)
- microinterventions (1)
- midcingulate cortex (1)
- mineralocorticoid receptor (1)
- mismatch negativity (1)
- mobile communications (1)
- mobility decisions (1)
- modal structure (1)
- model of proenvironmental action (1)
- moderator variables (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulation index (1)
- monocytes (1)
- moralisches Handeln (1)
- morals (1)
- motion energy analysis (1)
- motives (1)
- multiple team membership (1)
- muscle tension (1)
- n.a. (1)
- natural killer cells (1)
- naturalistische Forschung (1)
- natürliche Killerzellen (1)
- need for cognitive closure (1)
- neuroendocrine system (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- new religiosity (1)
- nicht-genomische Effekte (1)
- non-genomic effects (1)
- nuclear receptor (1)
- nucleus accumbens (1)
- occupational aptitude testing (1)
- occupational interests (1)
- ocular artifact (1)
- older adults (1)
- outpatient (1)
- outpatient psychotherapy (1)
- overweight children (1)
- p-glycoprotein (1)
- painful self-disclosures (1)
- palliative interpretations (1)
- participation (1)
- patience (1)
- patient-focused psychotherapy research (1)
- patienten-orientierte Psychotherapieforschung (1)
- patientenorientierte Forschung (1)
- pay for performance (1)
- peptid yy (1)
- perception (1)
- periodische Katatonie (1)
- person environment fit (1)
- person memory (1)
- personality assessment (1)
- personality disorder (1)
- personalized psychotherapy (1)
- phase-amplitude coupling (1)
- philosophy of science (1)
- placenta (1)
- plastic (1)
- post-merger-integration (1)
- post-transcriptional regulation (1)
- post-transkriptionelle Regulierung (1)
- post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- postnatal stress factors (1)
- postnatale Stressfaktoren (1)
- poststress (1)
- posttraumatic stress disorder (1)
- prenatal adversity (1)
- prenatal programming (1)
- prenatal stress (1)
- prenatal stress factors (1)
- prenatal tobacco exposure (1)
- prepulse inhibition (1)
- prevention (1)
- process outcome research (1)
- proenvironmental model of Kals and Montada (1)
- progressive relaxation (1)
- promoter (1)
- promoter region (1)
- proof of concept study (1)
- prosoziales Verhalten (1)
- proteomics (1)
- provocation (1)
- pränatale Programmierung (1)
- pränatale Risikofaktoren (1)
- pränatale Stressfaktoren (1)
- pränatale Tabakexposition (1)
- pränataler Stress (1)
- psychische Beschwerden (1)
- psychische Gesundheit (1)
- psychobiology (1)
- psychological assessment (1)
- psychological care (1)
- psychological contracts (1)
- psychological distance (1)
- psychological health (1)
- psychologische Kontrakte (1)
- psychology and behaviorsocial isolation (1)
- psychology of justice (1)
- psychology students (1)
- psychometric validation (1)
- psychometrics (1)
- psychopharamology (1)
- psychophysiology (1)
- psychosomatic-disorders (1)
- psychosomatics (1)
- public good (1)
- pulsatility (1)
- quantitative Sprachanalyse (1)
- quantitative lingusitic analysis (1)
- quantitative sensory testing (1)
- questionnaires (1)
- reaction time (1)
- reaction times (1)
- reactivity (1)
- reading direction (1)
- reduction of working hours (1)
- regret (1)
- rehabiliation (1)
- relapse (1)
- religiosity (1)
- religious coping (1)
- religiousness (1)
- religiöses Coping (1)
- remember/know (1)
- remission (1)
- restrained eating (1)
- retail (1)
- retrieval practice (1)
- revaluation (1)
- revenge (1)
- reward sensitivity (1)
- risk factors (1)
- routine care (1)
- rupture resolution (1)
- saccade (1)
- sales force. (1)
- salience (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- salivary cortisol (1)
- savings paradigm (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- school (1)
- school performance (1)
- school subject (1)
- script theory (1)
- selection (1)
- selective activation (1)
- selective forgetting (1)
- self (1)
- self-concept (1)
- self-esteem (1)
- self-perception (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- semantic activation (1)
- semantische Aktivierung (1)
- shift work (1)
- short versions (1)
- simulation study (1)
- sleep (1)
- slow wave (1)
- smoking cessation (1)
- social behavior problems (1)
- social behavioral (1)
- social contactssurvival (1)
- social self-concept (1)
- social support networks (1)
- somatische Komorbiditäten (1)
- somatization (1)
- somatization-disorder (1)
- somatoform-disorders (1)
- somatoforme Stoerungen (1)
- source monitoring (1)
- soziale Selbstkonzepte (1)
- spatial cognition (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spectralanalysis (1)
- spirituality (1)
- spontane Eigenschaftsinferenzen (1)
- spontaneous trait inferences (1)
- stereotypes (1)
- stimulus processing (1)
- stress coping (1)
- stress hyporesponsive period (1)
- stress in everyday life (1)
- stress reaction (1)
- stress-induction in laboratory (1)
- stress-related disorders (1)
- stressbezogene Erkrankungen (1)
- structure (1)
- subarachnoid haemorrhage (1)
- substance abuse (1)
- sudden gains (1)
- sudden losses (1)
- survey study (1)
- symptom (1)
- symptoms (1)
- teacher judgement (1)
- teachers (1)
- team boundaries (1)
- teilasphärische Außenspiegel (1)
- test (1)
- testing (1)
- text memory (1)
- therapeutic relationship (1)
- therapeutic success (1)
- therapy (1)
- therapy behaviour (1)
- therapy outcome (1)
- training (1)
- trauma therapy (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- uniqueness seeking (1)
- usability (1)
- user expectations (1)
- user modeling (1)
- vagus (1)
- valenced information (1)
- video games (1)
- virtual teams (1)
- virtuelle Teams (1)
- visceral awareness (1)
- visual change detection (1)
- visuelle Wahrnehmung (1)
- visueller Mismatch (1)
- viszerale Empfindung (1)
- voice (1)
- volition (1)
- waiting list (1)
- waiting period (1)
- within-group preparation (1)
- work motivation (1)
- yohimbine (1)
- zerebraler Blutfluss (1)
- Äquivalenz (1)
- Ärger (1)
- Ätiologie (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
- Überleben (1)
- Übung (1)
Institut
- Psychologie (212) (entfernen)
The role of cortisol and cortisol dynamics in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
(2011)
Spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a form of stroke which constitutes a severe trauma to the brain and often leads to serious long-term medical and psychosocial sequels which persist for years after the acute event. Recently, adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency has been identified as one possible consequence of the bleeding and is assumed to occur in around 20% of all survivors. Additionally, a number of studies report a high prevalence of post-SAH symptoms such as lack of initiative, fatigue, loss of concentration, impaired quality of life and psychiatric symptoms such as depression. The overlap of these symptoms and those of patients with untreated partial or complete hypopituitarism lead to the suggestion that neuroendocrine dysregulations may contribute to the psychosocial sequels of SAH. Therefore, one of the aims of this work is to gain insights into the role of neuroendocrine dysfunction on quality of life and the prevalence of psychiatric sequels in SAH-patients. Additionally, as data on cortisol dynamics after SAH are scarce, diurnal cortisol profiles are investigated in patients in the acute and chronic phase, as well as the cortisol awakening response and feedback sensitivity in the chronic phase after SAH. As a result, it can be shown that some SAH patients exhibit lower serum cortisol levels but at the same time a higher cortisol awakening response in saliva than healthy controls. Also, patients in the chronic phase after SAH do have a stable diurnal cortisol rhythm while there are disturbances in around 50% of all patients in the acute phase, leading to the conclusion that a single baseline measurement of cortisol is of no substantial use for diagnosing cortisol dysregulations in the acute phase after SAH. It is assumed that in SAH patients endocrine changes occur over time and that a combination of adrenal exhaustion and a subsequent downregulation of corticosteroid binding globulin may be the most probable causes for the dissociation of serum cortisol concentrations and salivary cortisol profiles in the investigated SAH patients. These changes may be an emergency response after SAH and, as elevated free cortisol levels are connected to a better psychosocial outcome in patients in the chronic phase after SAH, this reaction may even be adaptive.
DNA methylation, through 5-methyl- and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5mC and 5hmC) is considered to be one of the principal interfaces between the genome and our environment and it helps explain phenotypic variations in human populations. Initial reports of large differences in methylation level in genomic regulatory regions, coupled with clear gene expression data in both imprinted genes and malignant diseases provided easily dissected molecular mechanisms for switching genes on or off. However, a more subtle process is becoming evident, where small (<10%) changes to intermediate methylation levels were associated with complex disease phenotypes. This has resulted in two clear methylation paradigms. The latter "subtle change" paradigm is rapidly becoming the epigenetic hallmark of complex disease phenotypes, although we were currently hampered by a lack of data addressing the true biological significance and meaning of these small differences. The initial expectation of rapidly identifying mechanisms linking environmental exposure to a disease phenotype led to numerous observational/association studies being performed. Although this expectation remains unmet, there is now a growing body of literature on specific genes, suggesting wide ranging transcriptional and translational consequences of such subtle methylation changes. Data from the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) has shown that a complex interplay between DNA methylation, extensive 5"UTR splicing and microvariability gives rise to the overall level and relative distribution of total and N-terminal protein isoforms generated. Additionally, the presence of multiple AUG translation initiation codons throughout the complete, processed, mRNA enables translation variability, hereby enhancing the translational isoforms and the resulting protein isoform diversity; providing a clear link between small changes in DNA methylation and significant changes in protein isoforms and cellular locations. Methylation changes in the NR3C1 CpG island, alters the NR3C1 transcription and eventually protein isoforms in the tissues, resulting in subtle but visible physiological variability. Implying external environmental stimuli act through subtle methylation changes, with transcriptional microvariability as the underlying mechanism, to fine-tune the total NR3C1 protein levels. The ubiquitous distribution of genes with similar structure as NR3C1, combined with an increasing number of studies linking subtle methylation changes in specific genes with wide ranging transcriptional and translational consequences, suggested a more genome-wide spread of subtle DNA methylation changes and transcription variability. The subtle methylation paradigm and the biological relevance of such changes were supported by two epigenetic animal models, which linked small methylation changes to either psychopathological or immunological effects. The first model, rats subjected to maternal deprivation, showed long term behavioural and stress response changes. A second model, exposing mice to early life infection with H1N1, illustrated long-term immunological effects. Both models displayed subtle changes within the methylome. Suggesting/Indicating that early life adversity and early life viral infection "programmed" the CNS and innate immune response respectively, via subtle DNA methylation changes genome-wide. The research presented in this thesis investigated the ever-growing roles of DNA methylation; the physiological and functional relevance of subtle small DNA methylation changes genome-wide, in particular for the CNS (MD model) and the immune system (early life viral infection model) ; and the evidence available, particularly from the glucocorticoid of the cascade of events initiated by such subtle methylation changes, as well as addressing the underlying question as to what represents a genuine biologically significant difference in methylation.
The Role of Dopamine and Acetylcholine as Modulators of Selective Attention and Response Speed
(2015)
The principles of top-down and bottom-up processing are essential to cognitive psychology. At their broadest, most general definition, they denote that processing can be driven either by the salience of the stimulus input or by individual goals and strategies. Selective top-down attention, specifically, consists in the deliberate prioritizing of stimuli that are deemed goal-relevant, while selective bottom-up attention relies on the automatic allocation of attention to salient stimuli (Connor, Egeth, & Yantis, 2004; Schneider, Schote, Meyer, & Frings, 2014). Variations within neurotransmitter systems can modulate cognitive performance in a domain-specific fashion (Greenwood, Fossella, & Parasuraman, 2005). Noudoost and Moore (2011a) proposed that the influence of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system on selective top-down attention might be greater than the influence of this system on selective bottom-up attention; likewise, they assumed that the cholinergic neurotransmitter system might be more important for selective bottom-up than top-down attention. To test this hypothesis, naturally occurring variations within the two neurotransmitter systems were assessed. Five polymorphisms were selected; two of the dopaminergic system (the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and the DAT1 polymorphism) and three of the cholinergic system (the CHRNA4 rs1044396 polymorphism, the CHRNA5 rs3841324 polymorphism, and the CHRNA5 rs16969968 polymorphism). It was tested whether these polymorphisms modulated the performance in tasks of selective top-down attention (a Stroop task and a Negative priming task) and in a task of selective bottom-up attention (a Posner-Cuing task). Indeed, the dopaminergic polymorphisms influenced selective top-down attention, but exerted no effects on bottom-up attention. This aligned with the hypothesis proposed by Noudoost and Moore (2011a). In contrast, the cholinergic polymorphisms were not found to modulate selective bottom-up attention. The three cholinergic polymorphisms, however, affected the general response speed in the Stroop task, Negative priming task, and Posner-Cuing task (irrespective of attentional processing). In sum, the findings of this study provide strong indications that the dopaminergic system modulates selective top-down attention, while the cholinergic system is highly relevant for the general speed of information processing.
Phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling is a mechanism thought to facilitate communication between neuronal ensembles. The mechanism could underlie the implementation of complex cognitive processes, like executive functions, in the brain. This thesis contributes to answering the question, whether phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling - assessed via electroencephalography (EEG) - is a mechanism by which executive functioning is implemented in the brain and whether an assumed performance effect of stress on executive functioning is reflected in phase-amplitude coupling strength. A huge body of studies shows that stress can influence executive functioning, in essence having detrimental effects. In two independent studies, each being comprised of two core executive function tasks (flexibility and behavioural inhibition as well as cognitive inhibition and working memory), beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling was robustly detected in the left and right prefrontal hemispheres. No systematic pattern of coupling strength modulation by either task demands or acute stress was detected. Beta-gamma coupling might also be present in more basic attention processes. This is the first investigation of the relationship between stress, executive functions and phase-amplitude coupling. Therefore, many aspects have not been explored yet. For example, studying phase precision instead of coupling strength as an indicator for phase-amplitude coupling modulations. Furthermore, data was analysed in source space (independent component analysis); comparability to sensor space has still to be determined. These as well as other aspects should be investigated, due to the promising finding of very robust and strong beta-gamma coupling for all executive functions. Additionally, this thesis tested the performance of two widely used phase-amplitude coupling measures (mean vector length and modulation index). Both measures are specific and sensitive to coupling strength and coupling width. The simulation study also drew attention to several confounding factors, which influence phase-amplitude coupling measures (e. g. data length, multimodality).
Attitudes are "the most distinctive and indispensable concept in contemporary social psychology" (Allport, 1935, p. 798). This outstanding position of the attitude concept in social cognitive research is not only reflected in the innumerous studies focusing on this concept but also in the huge number of theoretical approaches that have been put forth since then. Yet, it is still an open question, what attitudes actually are. That is, the question of how attitude objects are represented in memory cannot be unequivocally answered until now (e.g., Barsalou, 1999; Gawronski, 2007; Pratkanis, 1989, Chapter 4). In particular, researchers strongly differ with respect to their assumptions on the content, format and structural nature of attitude representations (Ferguson & Fukukura, 2012). This prevailing uncertainty on what actually constitutes our likes and dislikes is strongly dovetailed with the question of which processes result in the formation of these representations. In recent years, this issue has mainly been addressed in evaluative conditioning research (EC). In a standard EC-paradigm a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) is repeatedly paired with an affective stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US). The pairing of stimuli then typically results in changes in the evaluation of the CS corresponding to the evaluative response of the US (De Houwer, Baeyens, & Field, 2005). This experimental approach on the formation of attitudes has primarily been concerned with the question of how the representations underlying our attitudes are formed. However, which processes operate on the formation of such an attitude representation is not yet understood (Jones, Olson, & Fazio, 2010; Walther, Nagengast, & Trasselli, 2005). Indeed, there are several ideas on how CS-US pairs might be encoded in memory. Notwithstanding the importance of these theoretical ideas, looking at the existing empirical work within the research area of EC (for reviews see Hofmann, De Houwer, Perugini, Baeyens, & Crombez, 2010; De Houwer, Thomas, & Baeyens, 2001) leaves one with the impression that scientists have skipped the basic processes. Basic processes hereby especially refer to the attentional processes being involved in the encoding of CSs and USs as well as the relation between them. Against the background of this huge gap in current research on attitude formation, the focus of this thesis will be to highlight the contribution of selective attention processes to a better understanding of the representation underlying our likes and dislikes. In particular, the present thesis considers the role of selective attention processes for the solution of the representation issue from three different perspectives. Before illustrating these different perspectives, Chapter 1 is meant to envision the omnipresence of the representation problem in current theoretical as well as empirical work on evaluative conditioning. Likewise, it emphasizes the critical role of selective attention processes for the representation question in classical conditioning and how this knowledge might be used to put forth the uniqueness of evaluative conditioning as compared to classical conditioning. Chapter 2 then considers the differential influence of attentional resources and goal-directed attention on attitude learning. The primary objective of the presented experiment was thereby to investigate whether attentional resources and goal-directed attention exert their influence on EC via changes in the encoding of CS-US relations in memory (i.e., contingency memory). Taking the findings from this experiment into account, Chapter 3 focuses on the selective processing of the US relative to the CS. In particular, the two experiments presented in this chapter were meant to explore the moderating influence of the selective processing of the US in its relation to the CS on EC. In Chapter 4 the important role of the encoding of the US in relation to the CS, as outlined in Chapter 3, is illuminated in the context of different retrieval processes. Against the background of the findings from the two presented experiments, the interplay between the encoding of CS-US contingencies and the moderation of EC via different retrieval processes will be discussed. Finally, a general discussion of the findings, their theoretical implications and future research lines will be outlined in Chapter 5.
The startle response in psychophysiological research: modulating effects of contextual parameters
(2013)
Startle reactions are fast, reflexive, and defensive responses which protect the body from injury in the face of imminent danger. The underlying reflex is basic and can be found in many species. Even though it consists of only a few synapses located in the brain stem, the startle reflex offers a valuable research method for human affective, cognitive, and psychological research. This is because of moderating effects of higher mental processes such as attention and emotion on the response magnitude: affective foreground stimulation and directed attention are validated paradigms in startle-related research. This work presents findings from three independent research studies that deal with (1) the application of the established "affective modulation of startle"-paradigm to the novel setting of attractiveness and human mating preferences, (2) the question of how different components of the startle response are affected by a physiological stressor and (3) how startle stimuli affect visual attention towards emotional stimuli. While the first two studies treat the startle response as a dependent variable by measuring its response magnitude, the third study uses startle stimuli as an experimental manipulation and investigates its potential effects on a behavioural measure. The first chapter of this thesis describes the basic mechanisms of the startle response as well as the body of research that sets the foundation of startle research in psychophysiology. It provides the rationale for the presented studies, and offers a short summary of the obtained results. Chapter two to four represent primary research articles that are published or in press. At the beginning of each chapter the contribution of all authors is explained. The references for all chapters are listed at the end of this thesis. The overall scope of this thesis is to show how the human startle response is modulated by a variety of factors, such as the attractiveness of a potential mating partner or the exposure to a stressor. In conclusion, the magnitude of the startle response can serve as a measure for such psychological states and processes. Beyond the involuntary, physiological startle reflex, startle stimuli also affect intentional behavioural responses, which we could demonstrate for eye movements in a visual attention paradigm.
The influence of affect on vocal parameters has been well investigated in speech portrayed by actors, but little is known about affect expression in more natural or authentic speech behavior. This is partly due to the difficulty of generating speech samples that represent authentic expression of speaker affect. The present work investigates the influence of speaker affect on the vocal fundamental frequency (F0) in comparatively authentic speech samples. Three well-documented psychophysiological research methods were applied for the induction of affective states in German native speakers in order to obtain speech samples with authentic affect expression: the Cold Pressor Test (CPT), the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) and the presentation of slides from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS). The here reported results show that the influence of affect on F0 is differentially modulated by psychophysiological processes as well as socio-cultural influences. They also indicate that this approach may be useful for future research and further to gain a deeper understanding of authentic vocal affect expression. Moreover, F0 may constitute an additional non-invasive, easy to obtain measure for the established psychophysiological research methodology.
The complicated human alternative GR promoter region plays a pivotal role in the regulation of GR levels. In this thesis, both genomic and environmental factors linked with GR expression are covered. This research showed that GR promoters were susceptible to silencing by methylation and the activity of the individual promoters was also modulated by SNPs. E2F1 is a major element to drive the expression of GR 1F transcripts and single CpG dinucleotide methylation cannot mediate the inhibition of transcription in vitro. Also, the distribution of GR first exons and 3" splice variants (GRα and GR-P) is expressed throughout the human brain with no region-specific alternative first exon usage. These data mirrored the consistently low levels of methylation in the brain, and the observed homogeneity throughout the studied regions. Taken together, the research presented in this thesis explored several layers of complexity in GR transcriptional regulation.
Traumabewältigung
(2004)
Cortisol exhibits typical ultradian and circadian rhythm and disturbances in its secretory pattern have been described in stress-related pathology. The aim of this thesis was to dissect the underlying structure of cortisol pulsatility and to develop tools to investigate the effects of this pulsatility on immune cell trafficking and the responsiveness of the neuroendocrine system and GR target genes to stress. Deconvolution modeling was set up as a tool for investigation of the pulsatile secretion underlying the ultradian cortisol rhythm. This further allowed us to investigate the role of the single cortisol pulses on the immune cell trafficking and the role of induced cortisol pulses on the kinetics of expression of GR target genes. The development of these three tools, would allow to induce and investigate in future the significance of single cortisol pulses for health and disease.
Many people are aware of the negative consequences of plastic use on the environment. Nevertheless, they use plastic due to its functionality. In the present paper, we hypothesized that this leads to the experience of ambivalence—the simultaneous existence of positive and negative evaluations of plastic. In two studies, we found that participants showed greater ambivalence toward plastic packed food than unpacked food. Moreover, they rated plastic packed food less favorably than unpacked food in response evaluations. In Study 2, we tested whether one-sided (only positive vs. only negative) information interventions could effectively influence ambivalence. Results showed that ambivalence is resistant to (social) influence. Directions for future research were discussed.
Benzodiazepine und Neuroleptika werden in der klinischen Praxis effektiv in der Behandlung verschiedener Angststörungen eingesetzt. Trotz ihrer weiten Verbreitung wurden ihre Effekte auf die physiologische Komponente (v. a. die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden Achse (HHNA) und das sympatho-adrenomedulläre System (SAM)) der Stress- und Angstreaktion bisher allerdings wenig gut untersucht. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es deshalb, die Effekte zweier prominenter anxiolytischer Substanzen, Alprazolam (Benzodiazepin) und Flupentixol (Neuroleptikum), auf die Aktivierung der HHNA und des SAM durch einen reinen psychogenen Stressor, den Trier Sozial Stress Test (TSST), zu untersuchen. Studienteilnehmer waren 69 junge, gesunde Männer, die eine bzw. drei Stunden vor dem TSST entweder 1mg Alprazolam, 0.5mg Flupentixol oder ein entsprechendes Placebo-Präparat oral einnahmen. Vor und nach dem TSST wurden verschiedene Blut- und Speichelproben zur Bestimmung von ACTH, Cortisol, Noradrenalin, Adrenalin, Prolaktin und Wachstumshormon entnommen, zudem wurden Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck und Körpertemperatur erfasst. Über Fragebögen bewerteten die Probanden ihr aktuelles psychisches Wohlbefinden. Nach der Einnahme von Alprazolam war eine deutlich verminderte Aktivierung der HHNA in Reaktion auf den TSST zu beobachten, während Parameter des SAM unbeeinflusst blieben. Auf den entsprechenden Fragebogenskalen schätzten sich die Probanden nach Alprazolam- im Vergleich zur Placebo-Einnahme deutlich müder ein, zudem zeigten sich stimmungsstabilisierende Eigenschaften von Alprazolam, da Probanden nach Alprazolam-Einnahme eine geringere Beeinträchtigung der guten Stimmung durch den TSST erlebten. Nach der Einnahme von Flupentixol vor dem TSST unterschieden sich die Probanden in keinem der erhobenen Parameter signifikant von der Placebo-Kontrollgruppe, lediglich die Blutkonzentrationen der Katecholamine Adrenalin und Noradrenalin waren signifikant erhöht. Diese Daten verdeutlichen rasch einsetzende und auf die verschiedenen Komponenten der Stressreaktion differentiell wirkende Effekte von Alprazolam, während Effekte von Flupentixol auf die physiologischen Komponenten der Stressreaktion möglicherweise erst nach längerer Einnahme zu beobachten sind.
Ziel der Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit zweier psychotherapeutischer Mikrointerventionen zur Emotionsregulation und zur progressiven Relaxation und die damit einhergehenden Veränderungen auf psychometrischer und elektrokortikaler Ebene zu untersuchen. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 65 klinischen Versuchspersonen der Warteliste der Poliklinischen Psychotherapieambulanz der Universität Trier. In einer EEG-Erhebung vor und nach den Mikrointerventionen wurden neben dem Ruhe-EEG ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKPs) aufgezeichnet. Im EKP-Paradigma wurden die Probanden instruiert negativ-valente Bilder aus dem IAPS-System entweder anzuschauen oder die gezeigte Situation kognitiv zu einer weniger negativen Interpretation der Bilder umzudeuten. Nach der EEG-Aufzeichnung wurden die Probanden randomisiert einer standardisierten 90-minütigen psychotherapeutischen Intervention zum kognitiven Reframing bzw. zur progressiven Relaxation zugewiesen. Im Anschluss wurde die EEG-Erhebung mit dem Ruhe-EEG und dem EKP mit einem parallelisierten Pool negativ valenter Bilder erneut durchgeführt. Auf psychometrischer Ebene wurde u.a. der positive und negative Affekt mit dem PANAS im Verlauf der Untersuchung zu insgesamt vier Messzeitpunkten erfasst. Neben dem Alpha-Frequenzband des Ruhe-EEGs wurde bei den EKPs die P3 und das Späte Positive Potential (LPP) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise darauf, dass die psychotherapeutischen Mikrointerventionen zu differentiellen Effekten auf psychometrischer und elektrokortikaler Ebene führten. Auf der psychometrischen Ebene zeigte sich bei den Teilnehmern der Entspannungsintervention direkt nach der Intervention eine Abnahme des negativen Affekts, während sich dies bei den Teilnehmern der Reframing-Intervention erst im Verlauf der zweiten EEG-Messung mit dem Umdeuten der negativ valenten Bilder zeigte. Auf der elektrokortikalen Ebene waren die Ergebnisse weniger einheitlich. Durch die Entspannungs-Intervention konnte im Verlauf der Untersuchung eine Zunahme der P3-Amplituden festgestellt werden, während die Reframing-Teilnehmer über die Messzeitpunkte eine Abnahme der P3-Amplituden aufwiesen. Dies könnte so interpretiert werden, dass durch das Erlernen des Reframings das emotionale Arousal reduziert werden konnte. Bei dem LPP waren hingegen keine differentiellen Effekte der Mikrointerventionen nachweisbar. Bei beiden Interventionen kam es zu einer Zunahme der LPP-Amplituden. Bei der Analyse der Alpha-Aktivität des Ruhe-EEGs wurde bei den Entspannungs-Teilnehmern im Vergleich zu den Reframing-Teilnehmern nach der Mikrointervention eine größere Alpha-Aktivität gefunden. Diese Unterschiede wurden am deutlichsten in der linken Hemisphäre sowie in den zentralen und parietalen Hirnregionen. Eine höhere Alpha-Aktivität geht mit einer niedrigeren kortikalen Aktivität einher, so dass man davon ausgehen kann, dass die Entspannungs-Teilnehmer diese Hirnregionen während der Intervention weniger ausgeprägt nutzten. Zusammenfassend geben die Befunde erste Hinweise auf eine differentielle Wirkung der beiden Mikrointerventionen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden potentielle Kandidatengene für Periodische Katatonie und Schizophrenie untersucht. Es erfolgte eine strukturelle und funktioneller Promotoranalyse des Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortikal cysts 1 (Mlc1/MLC1)-Gens, welches eine Rolle bei der Entwicklung der Megalenzephalen Leukoenzephalopathie spielt und auch für die Ätiogenese der Periodischen Katatonie diskutiert wird. Die in silico Promotoranalyse ergab, daß Bindestellen für wichtige Transkriptionsfaktoren und gängige Promotorelemente wie TATA- und GC-Boxen fehlten. Ebenso konnte in vitro keine Aktivität des Promotors nachgewiesen werden, was vermuten läßt, daß ein noch nicht identifiziertes Enhancer-Element oder einen Ko-Faktor für die Aktivierung des Mlc1-Promotors nötig ist. Als ein weiteres Kandidatengen für die Periodische Katatonie wurde das Gen für die mitotic checkpoint kinase BUB1B auf eine mögliche Ätiologie für die Periodische Katatonie untersucht. Aufgrund fehlender kausativer Mutationen konnte BUB1B als Kandidatengen für die Periodische Katatonie ausgeschlossen werden. Ein weiterer Teil dieser Arbeit umfaßte eine Studie zur Untersuchung der Gene für den nikotinergen Acetylcholinrezeptor (CHRNA7), des D-aminosäure Aktivators (DAOA) und des bromodomain containing protein 1 (BRD1) mit einer Assoziation zur Schizophrenie. Es konnte hierbei eine Assoziation von BRD1 mit Schizophrenie bestätigt werden.
In a number of experiments, emotional pictures elicited a frontal positive slow wave in the event-related potential (ERP). This slow wave was initially interpreted as an indes of affective information processing, but one experiment showed that this component was also elicited by emotional neutral pictures in a cognitiven processing task. The aim of the present work was to reanalyse the functional significance of this slow wave. A first section of this work presents a theoretical examination of visual pathways by the brain. This section is supplemented by an overview of the principals of ERP methodology and a review of methods to correct ocular artifacts in the ERP. A second section describes two experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to examine the hypothesis that the frontal positive slow wave is an artifact of eye movements due to the presentation of visual stimuli. This hypothesis was examined with a paradigm that facilitates a systematic variation of eye movements by the visual presentation of matrices. The aim of the second experiment was to examine the hypothesis that a mere perceptual analysis of pictures does not elicit the frontal positive slow wave, but that a content analysis of the pictures is required to elicit this component. This hypothesis was investigated by a variation of content processing demands while the pictures were presented. The results of both experiments confirmed the main hypotheses.
Vier Untersuchungen anhand eines modifizierten Ersparnisparadigmas zeigten, dass Eigenschaften spontan aus Verhalten erschlossen werden. In zwei der vier Untersuchungen offenbarte sich ein impliziter Einfluss des Altersstereotyps: Es förderte das spontane Erschließen stereotypkongruenter Eigenschaften. Dagegen wurde ein expliziter Einfluss des Altersstereotyps nicht eindeutig aufgezeigt; es ergaben sich jedoch Hinweise auf einen Reproduktionsvorteil zugunsten stereotypkongruenter Eigenschaften. Des Weiteren legten einige Befunde nahe, dass Mitglieder der "in-group" einfacher zu differenzieren sind als Mitglieder der "out-group". Nicht eindeutig geklärt werden konnte, ob die Aktivierung eines relevanten Stereotyps oder der Kontext, in den eine stereotype Information eingebettet ist, das Ausmaß der Stereotypisierung beeinflusst. Das Alter der Versuchspersonen (jüngere studentische Versuchspersonen in den Untersuchungen 1 bis 3 vs. ältere Versuchspersonen (M = 68.30) in der Untersuchung 4) beeinflusste zwar die Reproduktionsleistungen, nicht aber das spontane Erschließen von Eigenschaften oder das Ausmaß der impliziten bzw. expliziten Stereotypisierung.
There are large health, societal, and economic costs associated with attrition from psychological services. The recently emerged, innovative statistical tool of complex network analysis was used in the present proof-of-concept study to improve the prediction of attrition. Fifty-eight patients undergoing psychological treatment for mood or anxiety disorders were assessed using Ecological Momentary Assessments four times a day for two weeks before treatment (3,248 measurements). Multilevel vector autoregressive models were employed to compute dynamic symptom networks. Intake variables and network parameters (centrality measures) were used as predictors for dropout using machine-learning algorithms. Networks for patients differed significantly between completers and dropouts. Among intake variables, initial impairment and sex predicted dropout explaining 6% of the variance. The network analysis identified four additional predictors: Expected force of being excited, outstrength of experiencing social support, betweenness of feeling nervous, and instrength of being active. The final model with the two intake and four network variables explained 32% of variance in dropout and identified 47 out of 58 patients correctly. The findings indicate that patients" dynamic network structures may improve the prediction of dropout. When implemented in routine care, such prediction models could identify patients at risk for attrition and inform personalized treatment recommendations.
The present thesis addresses the validity of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) as well as underlying mechanisms of BED from three different angles. Three studies provide data discriminating obesity with BED from obesity without BED. Study 1 demonstrates differences between obese individuals with and without BED regarding eating in the natural environment, psychiatric comorbidity, negative affect as well as self reported tendencies in eating behavior. Evidence for possible psychological mechanisms explaining increased intake of BED individuals in the natural environment was given by analyzing associations of negative affect, emotional eating, restrained eating and caloric intake in obese BED compared to NBED controls. Study 2 demonstrated stress-induced changes in the eating behavior of obese individuals with BED. The impact of a psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST, Kirschbaum, Pirke, &amp;amp; Hellhammer, 1993), on behavioral patterns of eating behavior in laboratory was investigated. Special attention was given to stress-induced changes in variables that reflect mechanisms of appetite regulation in obese BED individuals compared to controls. To further explore by which mechanisms stress might trigger binge eating, study 3 investigated differences in stress-induced cortisol secretion after a socially evaluated cold pressure test (SECPT, Schwabe, Haddad, &amp;amp; Schachinger, 2008) in obese BED as compared to obese NBED individuals.
An einer Stichprobe mit insgesamt N = 204 Psychotherapiepatienten einer stationären Rehabilitationseinrichtung wurden die Auswirkungen der Posttraumatischen Verbitterungsstörung (Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder; PTED) auf die berufliche Vertrauens-Trias untersucht und eine Emotionsanalyse zur Verbitterung durchgeführt. Als weitere Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wurden Ärgerneigung, Ärgerbewältigung, Zielanpassung und das arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster erfasst. Ein Vergleich der Patientengruppen "mit Verbitterungsaffekt" und "ohne Verbitterungsaffekt" belegt die ätiologische Relevanz der Faktoren Zielblockierung, Attribution der Verantwortung, anhaltender Ärger und misslungene Situationsbewältigung bei der Entstehung der Emotion Verbitterung. Nach den Ergebnissen einer durchgeführten MANOVA mit den drei Gruppen (PTED aufgrund eines Arbeitsplatzereignisses vorhanden; PTED aufgrund eines Arbeitsplatzereignisses nicht vorhanden; kein Arbeitsplatzereignis) unterscheiden sich die beiden Patientengruppen mit einem Arbeitsplatzereignis nicht signifikant voneinander in Bezug auf ihre berufliche Vertrauens-Trias, ihre Ärgerneigung und -bewältigung sowie ihre Zielanpassung. Allerdings haben Patienten mit Arbeitsplatzereignis eine geringere berufliche internale Kontrollüberzeugung, besitzen weniger interpersonales Vertrauen am Arbeitsplatz und ihr Vertrauen in die eigene berufliche Zukunft ist niedriger als bei Patienten ohne Arbeitsplatzereignis. Ein weiterer Unterschied sind die höheren Arbeitsunfähigkeitszahlen bei Patienten mit Arbeitsplatzereignis " mit den meisten Krankschreibungen in der Gruppe der PTED-Patienten. Im arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster unterscheiden sich die drei Patientengruppen in den Skalen Ehrgeiz, Verausgabungsbereitschaft, Distanzierungsfähigkeit, Offensive Problembewältigung und Soziale Unterstützung. Auch hier unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich die beiden Gruppen mit Arbeitsplatzereignis von der Gruppe ohne Arbeitsplatzereignis, einzige Ausnahme ist das Erleben sozialer Unterstützung.
In light of the severe air pollution in Trier, restrictions of motorized traffic and the associated personal willingness to do so are absolutely essential. Yet before an effective model of intervention can be developed, the following questions must be addressed from an analytical and conditional perspective: Which motives underlie the willingness of the citizens of Trier to reduce their personal automobile use or to participate actively in a political way with respect to traffic? Do they do this because of their own responsibility-related and justice-related beliefs or from purely rational and self-interest oriented calculations? The results of a questionnaire study (N = 369) could show that the postulate of the rational choice theory is not tenable with the dominance of the self-interest motive. Instead, there is a pluralism of motives based on responsibility, justice, and self-interest related cognitions and emotions that form the basis of the willingness to act with respect to traffic. The interviewees in Trier are, above all, willing to actively speak up in favor of local political measures for reducing traffic when they regard these measures as fair; are outraged about the low commitment of other citizens, but also expect personal benefits from such measures. In the first place, specific internal and external control beliefs are relevant for the reduction of personal automobile use. Other important influential factors here also include outrage over the low commitment of others and the expectation of personal benefits. The results of this study allow specific starting points to be derived for developing interventions aimed at the reduction of the amount of traffic in Trier. Moreover, important from the practical point of view of intervention, general lifestyle analyses identified seven lifestyle clusters which make it possible to design intervention programs specifically for the target groups, thus allowing intervention programs to be organized more effectively.