Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Schlagworte
- Satellitenfernerkundung (5)
- Argania spinosa (3)
- Bodenwasser (3)
- Klimaänderung (3)
- Marokko (3)
- Modellierung (3)
- Wasserversorgung (3)
- Abfluss (2)
- Bewaldung (2)
- Bodenfruchtbarkeit (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Feuchtgebiet (2)
- Ghana (2)
- Governance (2)
- Lidar (2)
- Stadt (2)
- Tourismus (2)
- Weinbau (2)
- gypsum plaster (2)
- AFD (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Accra (1)
- AfD (1)
- Afrika (1)
- Alpen (1)
- Anemometrie (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antarktis (1)
- Antiparasitäres Mittel (1)
- Arbeitsmarkt (1)
- Areal (1)
- Argan (1)
- Arsen (1)
- Atmosphärische Grenzschicht (1)
- Auenboden (1)
- Ausbildung (1)
- Ausdauernde Pflanzen (1)
- Autökologie (1)
- Baumart (1)
- Behavioral model (1)
- Berglandwirtschaft (1)
- Beschäftigung (1)
- Beschäftigung und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodendegradation (1)
- Bodenerosion (1)
- Bodengüte (1)
- Bodenmikrobiologie (1)
- Bodenschutz (1)
- Border Studies (1)
- Brandverhalten (1)
- CO2-Bilanz (1)
- Carbon Footprint (1)
- DNA isolation (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Dendrochronologie (1)
- Dendroklimatologie (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Einbauwerte (1)
- Einzugsgebiet (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Emissionsbilanz (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energiepflanzen (1)
- Entwicklungsländer (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Erfahrungen (1)
- Ergussgestein (1)
- Erlebnis (1)
- Erlebnisse (1)
- Ernte (1)
- Etikett (1)
- Europäische Union / Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (1)
- Eutrophierung (1)
- Evapotranspiration (1)
- Exposure time (1)
- Faser (1)
- Fischerei (1)
- Fjord (1)
- Flussaue (1)
- Forest evapotranspiration (1)
- Forest hydrology (1)
- Gebirge (1)
- Geoelektrik (1)
- Geschichte 2500 v. Chr.-2000 (1)
- Gips (1)
- Gipsplatte (1)
- Grasslands (1)
- Großküchen (1)
- Großregion (1)
- Grundwasserbildung (1)
- Grünland (1)
- Göttingen (1)
- HEXAGON (1)
- Hang (1)
- Hochschule Trier (1)
- Hochschulgastronomie (1)
- Hochwasser (1)
- Humus (1)
- Hydrogeologie (1)
- Hydrological Modeling (1)
- Hydrologie (1)
- Hyperhidrose (1)
- Höhlensalamander (1)
- Iron (1)
- Kiefer (1)
- Klima (1)
- Klimaanpassung (1)
- Kohlendioxidsenke (1)
- LAP (1)
- Lam Dong (1)
- Laptev Sea (1)
- Laptewsee (1)
- Lippe (1)
- Lippetal (1)
- Mais (1)
- Marokko Süd (1)
- Mensa (1)
- Meteorologische Messung (1)
- Mietpreis (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mittelmoseltal (1)
- Modell (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nationalpark (1)
- Nationalpark Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft (1)
- Naturnahe Gestaltung (1)
- Naturtourismus (1)
- Neptungras (1)
- Neue Rechte (1)
- Niederschlag (1)
- Nährstoffverlust (1)
- Nährstoffversorgung (1)
- Obermosel-Gebiet (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Paleogenetics (1)
- Patagonia (1)
- Patagonien, Süd (1)
- Pedotransfer Functions (1)
- Pesticide, Agrochemical, Wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, Biomarker, Buccal Swab, Reptile, Squamata (1)
- Pflanzenbau (1)
- Pfälzerwald (1)
- Phosphatgips (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Phylogenie (1)
- Phylogeografie (1)
- Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaft (1)
- Polargebiete (1)
- Posidonia oceanica fibers (1)
- Preisentwicklung (1)
- Privatisierung (1)
- Präferenzieller Fluss (1)
- Pyroklastit (1)
- Raumentwicklung (1)
- Reblaus (1)
- Referenzwert (1)
- Regionalentwicklung (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- SODAR/RASS (1)
- Saar-Lor-Lux (1)
- Salamander (1)
- Salamanders (1)
- Samenkeimung (1)
- Schafweide (1)
- Schwermetallbelastung (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Schwitzen (1)
- Seed germination (1)
- Sheep (1)
- Silber (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Sodar (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Soil parameterization (1)
- Soil texture (1)
- Sozialökologie (1)
- Stadtforschung (1)
- Stadtplanung (1)
- Stamm Botanik (1)
- Strahlstrom (1)
- Stress (1)
- Subsaharisches Afrika (1)
- Systematik (1)
- Tagschmetterlinge (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Tomografie (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traben-Trarbach Region (1)
- Umweltfaktor (1)
- Umweltgerechtigkeit (1)
- Verbreitungsökologie (1)
- Verbundwerkstoff (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Verwitterung (1)
- Virtuelle Umgebung (1)
- Wald (1)
- Waldboden (1)
- Wasserbilanz (1)
- Wasserhaushalt (1)
- Wassermangel (1)
- Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (1)
- Water Framework Directive (1)
- Water balance simulation (1)
- Widerstand (1)
- Wirtschaftsentwicklung (1)
- Wohnen (1)
- Wohnungsmarkt (1)
- Wohnungsmiete (1)
- Wohnungspolitik (1)
- Wuchsleistung (1)
- airborne LiDAR (1)
- argan tree (1)
- atmospheric boundary layer (1)
- basal area increment (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- change mapping (1)
- chemical weathering (1)
- climate change (1)
- composite materials (1)
- correction factor (1)
- deep learning (1)
- ecological modelling (1)
- fire performance (1)
- forest (1)
- forest degradation (1)
- grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit (1)
- harvest dates (1)
- herpetology (1)
- housing (1)
- housing policy (1)
- hydrogeological modeling (1)
- land cover classification (1)
- local wastewater planning (1)
- low-level jets (1)
- machine-learning (1)
- new right (1)
- nutrient demands (1)
- nutrient exports (1)
- open-canopy woodland (1)
- paleotropis (1)
- phosphogypsum (1)
- physico-mechanical properties (1)
- plant architecture (1)
- pointer year (1)
- preferential flow (1)
- premature harvest (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- resistivity tomography (1)
- self-potential mapping (1)
- stable carbon isotope (1)
- stem detection (1)
- tree density (1)
- tree inclination (1)
- tree-ring analysis (1)
- urban and rural boundaries (1)
- urban studies (1)
- utilization pathways (1)
- volcanic (1)
- woody cover (1)
- Ökobilanz (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistung (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistungen (1)
- Ökotourismus (1)
Institut
- Fachbereich 6 (51) (entfernen)
Reptiles belong to a taxonomic group characterized by increasing worldwide population declines. However, it has not been until comparatively recent years that public interest in these taxa has increased, and conservation measures are starting to show results. While many factors contribute to these declines, environmental pollution, especially in form of pesticides, has seen a strong increase in the last few decades, and is nowadays considered a main driver for reptile diversity loss. In light of the above, and given that reptiles are extremely underrepresented in ecotoxicological studies regarding the effects of plant protection products, this thesis aims at studying the impacts of pesticide exposure in reptiles, by using the Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) as model species. In a first approach, I evaluated the risk of pesticide exposure for reptile species within the European Union, as a means to detect species with above average exposure probabilities and to detect especially sensitive reptile orders. While helpful to detect species at risk, a risk evaluation is only the first step towards addressing this problem. It is thus indispensable to identify effects of pesticide exposure in wildlife. For this, the use of enzymatic biomarkers has become a popular method to study sub-individual responses, and gain information regarding the mode of action of chemicals. However, current methodologies are very invasive. Thus, in a second step, I explored the use of buccal swabs as a minimally invasive method to detect changes in enzymatic biomarker activity in reptiles, as an indicator for pesticide uptake and effects at the sub-individual level. Finally, the last part of this thesis focuses on field data regarding pesticide exposure and its effects on reptile wildlife. Here, a method to determine pesticide residues in food items of the Common wall lizard was established, as a means to generate data for future dietary risk assessments. Subsequently, a field study was conducted with the aim to describe actual effects of pesticide exposure on reptile populations at different levels.
This working paper outlines analytical pathways that could contribute to deepening the understanding of water inequalities in cities of the Global South. It brings together the status quo of research on water inequalities in Accra, the capital of Ghana, and studies on Environmental Justice. In doing so, it argues for the need to analytically distinguish between the terms ‘(in)equality’ and ‘(in)justice’. Studying everyday water practices and per- spectives on water (in)justice of different stakeholders would be a suitable entry point for an in-depth ethnographic study that analytically separates water inequalities and water injustices but considers their interlinkages. The working paper is based on a literature review conducted in 2015 in the scope of the WaterPower project.
The main socio-ecological pressures in five wetlands in the Greater Accra Region were first identified and then summarized by reviewing the relevant literature. As a second step, fieldwork in the region was carried out in 2016 to further examine the pressures identified in the literature. Most research on the wetlands in Ghana was published around the year 2000. Yet, similar socio-ecological pressures persist today. Based on both, fieldwork observations and the literature review, these pressures were ranked using the IUCN pressures system analysis framework. It is suggested that further research needs to proceed with uncovering how trade-offs between ecosystem and quality of life can be defined.
The changing views on the evolutionary relationships of extant Salamandridae (Amphibia: Urodela)
(2018)
The phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Salamandridae have been repeatedly investigated over the last 90 years, with changing character and taxon sampling. We review the changing composition and the phylogenetic position of salamandrid genera and species groups and add a new phylogeny based exclusively on sequences of nuclear genes. Salamandrina often changed its position depending on the characters used. It was included several times in a clade together with the primitive newts (Echinotriton, Pleurodeles, Tylototriton) due to their seemingly ancestral morphology. The latter were often inferred as a monophyletic clade. Respective monophyly was almost consistently established in all molecular studies for true salamanders (Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella, Salamandra), modern Asian newts (Cynops, Laotriton, Pachytriton, Paramesotriton) and modern New World newts (Notophthalmus, Taricha). Reciprocal non-monophyly has been established through molecular studies for the European mountain newts (Calotriton, Euproctus) and the modern European newts (Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton, Neurergus, Ommatotriton, Triturus) since Calotriton was identified as the sister lineage of Triturus. In pre-molecular studies, their respective monophyly had almost always been assumed, mainly because a complex courtship behaviour shared by their respective members. Our nuclear tree is nearly identical to a mito-genomic tree, with all but one node being highly supported. The major difference concerns the position of Calotriton, which is no longer nested within the modern European newts. This has implications for the evolution of courtship behaviour of European newts. Within modern European newts, Ichthyosaura and Lissotriton changed their position compared to the mito-genomic tree. Previous molecular trees based on seemingly large nuclear data sets, but analysed together with mitochondrial data, did not reveal monophyly of modern European newts since taxon sampling and nuclear gene coverage was too poor to obtain conclusive results. We therefore conclude that mitochondrial and nuclear data should be analysed on their own.
Climate fluctuations and the pyroclastic depositions from volcanic activity both influence ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and marine environments globally. These controlling factors are crucial for the evolution and fate of the pristine but fragile fjord ecosystem in the Magellanic moorlands (~53°S) of southernmost Patagonia, which is considered a critical hotspot for organic carbon burial and marine bioproductivity. At this active continental margin in the core zone of the southern westerly wind belt (SWW), frequent Plinian eruptions and the extremely variable, hyper-humid climate should have efficiently shaped ecosystem functioning and land-to-fjord mass transfer throughout the Late Holocene. However, a better understanding of the complex process network defining the biogeochemical cycling at this land-to-fjord continuum principally requires a detailed knowledge of substrate weathering and pedogenesis in the context of the extreme climate. Yet, research on soils, the ubiquitous presence of tephra and the associated chemical weathering, secondary mineral (trans)formation and organic matter (OM) turnover processes is rare in this remote region. This complicates an accurate reconstruction of the ecosystem´s potentially sensitive response to past environmental impacts, including the dynamics of Late Holocene land-to-fjord fluxes as a function of volcanic activity and strong hydroclimate variability.
Against this background, this PhD thesis aims to disentangle the controlling factors that modulate the terrigenous element mobilization and export mechanisms in the hyper-humid Patagonian Andes and assesses their significance for fjord primary productivity over the past 4.5 kyrs BP. For the first time, distinct biogeochemical characteristics of the regional weathering system serve as major criterion in paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the area. This approach includes broad-scale mineralogical and geochemical analyses of basement lithologies, four soil profiles, volcanic ash deposits, the non-karst stalagmite MA1 and two lacustrine sediment cores. In order to pay special attention to the possibly important temporal variations of pedosphere-atmosphere interaction and ecological consequences initiated by volcanic eruptions, the novel data were evaluated together with previously published reconstructions of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental conditions.
The devastative high-tephra loading of a single eruption from Mt. Burney volcano (MB2 at 4.216 kyrs BP) sustainably transformed this vulnerable fjord ecosystem, while acidic peaty Andosols developed from ~2.5 kyrs BP onwards after the recovery from millennium-scale acidification. The special setting is dominated by most variable redox-pH conditions, profound volcanic ash weathering and intense OM turnover processes, which are closely linked and ultimately regulated by SWW-induced water-level fluctuations. Constant nutrient supply though sea spray deposition represents a further important control on peat accumulation and OM turnover dynamics. These extreme environmental conditions constrain the biogeochemical framework for an extended land-to-fjord export of leachates comprising various organic and inorganic colloids (i.e., Al-humus complexes and Fe-(hydr)oxides). Such tephra- and/or Andosol-sourced flux contains high proportions of terrigenous organic carbon (OCterr) and mobilized essential (micro)nutrients, e.g., bio-available Fe, that are beneficial for fjord bioproductivity. It can be assumed that this supply of bio-available Fe produced by specific Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation processes from tephra components may outlast more than 6 kyrs and surpasses the contribution from basement rock weathering and glacial meltwaters. However, the land-to-fjord exports of OCterr and bio-available Fe occur mostly asynchronous and are determined by the frequency and duration of redox cycles in soils or are initiated by SWW-induced extreme weather events.
The verification of (crypto)tephra layers embedded stalagmite MA1 enabled the accurate dating of three smaller Late Holocene eruptions from Mt. Burney (MB3 at 2.291 kyrs BP and MB4 at 0.853 kyrs BP) and Aguilera (A1 at 2.978 kyrs BP) volcanoes. Irrespective of the improvement of the regional tephrochronology, the obtained precise 230Th/U-ages allowed constraints on the ecological consequences caused by these Plinian eruptions. The deposition of these thin tephra layers should have entailed a very beneficial short-term stimulation of fjord bioproductivity with bio-available Fe and other (micro)nutrients, which affected the entire area between 52°S and 53°S 30´, respectively. For such beneficial effects, the thickness of tephra deposited to this highly vulnerable peatland ecosystem should be below a threshold of 1 cm.
The Late Holocene element mobilization and land-to-fjord transport was mainly controlled by (i) volcanic activity and tephra thickness, (ii) SWW-induced and southern hemispheric climate variability and (iii) the current state of the ecosystem. The influence of cascading climate and environmental impacts on OCterr and Fe-(hydr)oxide fluxes to can be categorized by four individual, in part overlapping scenarios. These different scenarios take into account the previously specified fundamental biogeochemical mechanisms and define frequently recurring patterns of ecosystem feedbacks governing the land-to-fjord mass transfer in the hyper-humid Patagonian Andes on the centennial-scale. This PhD thesis provides first evidence for a primarily tephra-sourced, continuous and long-lasting (micro)nutrient fertilization for phytoplankton growth in South Patagonian fjords, which is ultimately modulated by variations in SWW-intensity. It highlights the climate sensitivity of such critical land-to-fjord element transport and particularly emphasizes the important but so far underappreciated significance of volcanic ash inputs for biogeochemical cycles at active continental margins.
Formulations of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics such as moxidectin are regularly administered to sheep to combat parasites. A disadvantage of these pharmaceuticals are their side effects on non-target organisms when entering the environment. Little is known about anthelmintic effects on plant reproduction and whether the effects depend on environmental factors. For ecological and methodological reasons, we aimed at testing whether temperature affects the efficacy of a common moxidectin-based formulation on seed germination. We carried out a germination experiment including three typical species of temperate European grasslands (Centaurea jacea, Galium mollugo, Plantago lanceolata). We applied three temperature regimes (15/5, 20/10, 30/20°C), and a four-level dilution series (1:100–1:800) of formulated moxidectin (i.e., Cydectin oral drench). These solutions represent seed-anthelmintic contacts in the digestive tract of sheep shortly after deworming. In addition, a control was carried out with purified water only. We regularly counted emerging seedlings and calculated final germination percentage, mean germination time and synchrony of germination. Formulated moxidectin significantly reduced percentage, speed and synchrony of germination. A 1:100 dilution of the formulation reduced germination percentage by a quarter and increased mean germination time by six days compared to the control. Temperature moderated effects of the anthelmintic drug on germination in all response variables and all species, but in different patterns and magnitudes (significant anthelmintic x temperature x species interactions). In all response variables, the two more extreme temperature regimes (15/5, 30/20°C) led to the strongest effects of formulated moxidectin. With respect to germination percentage, G. mollugo was more sensitive to formulated moxidectin at the warmest temperature regime, whereas P. lanceolata showed the highest sensitivity at the coldest regime. This study shows that it is important to consider temperature dependencies of the effects of pharmaceuticals on seed germination when conducting standardised germination experiments.
Stakeholder Mapping
(2016)
This report presents the results of a stakeholder mapping exercise carried out in the WaterPower project. The mapping was conducted for the following main research areas of the project: water supply, land use planning and management, wetland management and climate change adaptation/disaster risk reduction. The report gives an overview of the stakeholders that play a role in these respective areas and identifies those who have concomitant responsibilities in different sectors. It represents the first step towards further involvement of stakeholders in the WaterPower project.
The endemic argan tree (Argania spinosa) populations in southern Morocco are highly degraded due to overbrowsing, illegal firewood extraction and the expansion of intensive agriculture. Bare areas between the isolated trees increase due to limited regrowth; however, it is unknown if the trees influence the soil of the intertree areas. Hypothetically, spatial differences in soil parameters of the intertree area should result from the translocation of litter or soil particles (by runoff and erosion or wind drift) from canopy-covered areas to the intertree areas. In total, 385 soil samples were taken around the tree from the trunk along the tree drip line (within and outside the tree area) and the intertree area between two trees in four directions (upslope, downslope and in both directions parallel to the slope) up to 50 m distance from the tree. They were analysed for gravimetric soil water content, pH, electrical conductivity, percolation stability, total nitrogen content (TN), content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and C/N ratio. A total of 74 tension disc infiltrometer experiments were performed near the tree drip line, within and outside the tree area, to measure the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. We found that the tree influence on its surrounding intertree area is limited, with, e.g., SOC and TN content decreasing significantly from tree trunk (4.4 % SOC and 0.3 % TN) to tree drip line (2.0 % SOC and 0.2 % TN). However, intertree areas near the tree drip line (1.3 % SOC and 0.2 % TN) differed significantly from intertree areas between two trees (1.0 % SOC and 0.1 % TN) yet only with a small effect. Trends for spatial patterns could be found in eastern and downslope directions due to wind drift and slope wash. Soil water content was highest in the north due to shade from the midday sun; the influence extended to the intertree areas. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity also showed significant differences between areas within and outside the tree area near the tree drip line. This was the case on sites under different land usages (silvopastoral and agricultural), slope gradients or tree densities. Although only limited influence of the tree on its intertree area was found, the spatial pattern around the tree suggests that reforestation measures should be aimed around tree shelters in northern or eastern directions with higher soil water content or TN or SOC content to ensure seedling survival, along with measures to prevent overgrazing.
Soils in forest ecosystems bear a high potential as carbon (C) sinks in the mitigation of climate change. The amount and characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) are driven by inputs, transformation, degradation and stabilization of organic substances. While tree species fuel the C cycle by producing aboveground and belowground litter, soil microorganisms are crucial for litter degradation as well as the formation and stabilization of SOM. Nonetheless, our knowledge about the tree species effect on the SOM status is limited, inconsistent and blurred. The investigation of tree species effects on SOM is challenging because in long-established forest ecosystems the spatial distribution of tree species is a result of the interplay of environmental factors including climate, geomorphology and soil chemistry. Moreover, tree distribution can further vary with forest successional stage and silvicultural management. Since these factors also directly affect the soil C-status, it is difficult to identify a pure “tree species effect” on the SOM status at regular forested sites. It therefore remains unclear in how far tree species-specific litter with different quality influences the microbial driven turnover and formation of SOM.
Tree species effects on SOM and related soil microbial properties were investigated by examining soil profiles (comprising organic forest floor horizons and mineral soil layers) in different forest stands at the recultivated spoil heap ‘Sophienhöhe’ located at the lignite open-cast mine Hambach near Jülich, Germany. The afforested sites comprised monocultural stands of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), black pine (Pinus nigra), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and red oak (Quercus rubra) as well as a mixed deciduous stand site planted mainly with hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), lime (Tilia cordata) and common oak (Quercus robur) that were grown for 35 years under identical soil and geomorphological conditions. Because the parent material used for site recultivation was free from organic matter or coal material, the SOM accumulation is entirely the result of in situ soil development due to the impact of tree species.
The first study revealed that tree species had a significant effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, stoichiometric patterns of C, nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) as well as the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content in the forest floor and the top mineral soil layers (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-30 cm). In general, forest floor SOC stocks were significantly higher at coniferous forest stands compared to deciduous tree species, whereas in mineral soil layers the differences were smaller. Thus, the impact of tree species decreased with increasing soil depth. By investigating the linkage of the natural abundance of 13C and 15N in the soil depth gradients with C:N and O:C stoichiometry, the second study showed that differences in SOC stocks and SOM quality resulted from a tree species-dependent turnover of SOM. Significantly higher turnover of organic matter in soils under deciduous tree species depended to 46 % on the quality of litterfall and root inputs (N content, C:N, O:C ratio), and on the initial isotopic signatures of litterfall. Hence, SOM composition and turnover also depends on additional – presumably microbially driven – factors. The subsequent results of the third study revealed that differences in SOM composition and related soil microbial properties were linked to different microbial communities. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) patterns in the soil profiles indicated that the supply and availability of C and nutrient-rich substrates drive the distribution of fungi, Gram-positive (G+) bacteria and Gram-negative (G−) bacteria between tree species and along the soil depth gradients. The fourth study investigated the molecular composition of extractable soil microbial biomass-derived (SMB) and SOM-derived compounds by electrospray ionization Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). This was complemented by the analysis of nine monosaccharides representing microbial or plant origin. Microbially derived compounds substantially contributed to SOM and the contribution increased with soil depth. The supply of tree species-specific substrates resulted in different chemical composition of SMB with largest differences between deciduous and coniferous stands. At the same time, microorganisms contributed to SOM resulting in a strong similarity in the composition of SOM and SMB.
Overall, the complex interplay of tree species-specific litter inputs and the ability, activity and efficiency of the associated soil fauna and microbial community in metabolizing the organic substrates leads to significant differences in the amount, distribution, quality and consequently, the stability of SOM. These findings are useful for a targeted cultivation of tree species to optimize soil C sequestration and other forest ecosystems services.
In the first overview lecture, we take a look at conceptualizations of water – from the hydrological cycle to socio-political perspectives on water. During the 20th century, water management developed from traditional uses and local industrial schemes to the “hydraulic paradigm” and finally, to the concept of modern water governance at the turn of the millennium. We will raise the question of whether there has truly been a paradigm shift from the natural, science based hydraulic paradigm to water governance and how dual- isms of culture/society and nature are still being reproduced. With this in mind, we will also take an introductory look at the much talked about global water crisis.